How does brain signal variability relate to plasticity during perceptual learning for younger, middle-aged, and older adults?
年轻人、中年和老年人感知学习过程中的大脑信号变异性与可塑性有何关系?
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2020-05299
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.91万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Considerable effort has been invested in identifying neuroimaging markers of how brain function is altered during healthy aging, and how these alterations relate to cognitive resilience. Recent work suggests that brain signal variability is an important marker of processing integrity and flexibility in the brain. Variability facilitates movement from one network configuration to another, and enables the exploration many networks to generate many behaviours. In the context of brain aging, variability research suggests that young and older adults process information differently. Increasing age is associated with an increased reliance on local information processing and decreased long-range interactions with distant brain regions. It remains unclear, however, if these processing changes are merely the brain's response to structural and functional decline, or if they are compensatory in that they support better performance. Importantly, if brain signal variability enables the exploration of multiple networks and the generation of new behaviours, then it may be the mechanism that drives plasticity (the brain's ability to change in response to experience). The differing variability profiles for young and older adults should drive learning-related plasticity differently. For older adults, increased reliance on local processing should favour local alterations in the excitability of brain regions that support behaviour. For younger adults, the increased reliance on long-range processing should favour global alterations in connectivity between brain regions, or the addition of new regions to the network that supports behaviour. Here, we will examine plasticity across the adult lifespan during visual perceptual learning, where the ability to discriminate differences in simple stimulus attributes progressively improves with practice. Perceptual learning is considered a manifestation of plasticity. It is is ideally suited for examining age-associated changes in plasticity because the neural substrates that support learning are well defined, and the level of challenge posed by learning can be adjusted to match task difficulty across individuals despite age-associated differences in visual and attentional function. In Objective 1, we will examine how plasticity and brain signal variability are influenced by structural decline that occurs with age, and link these findings to cognitive resilience using a longitudinal design. In Objective 2, we will examine what type of brain changes are most effective in supporting new learning, and how this is influenced by the shifting in the balance between local and long-range processing across the adult lifespan. In Objective 3, we test variability as a putative mechanism for promoting plasticity. Our findings will afford more precise predictions about the circumstances under which older adults can maintain cognitive resilience, and provide new insights into a specific mechanism that may drive plasticity.
人们已经投入了相当大的努力来确定大脑功能在健康老龄化过程中如何改变的神经影像学标志物,以及这些改变如何与认知弹性相关。最近的研究表明,大脑信号的可变性是大脑处理完整性和灵活性的重要标志。可变性促进了从一种网络配置到另一种网络配置的移动,并使探索许多网络能够产生许多行为。在大脑老化的背景下,变异性研究表明,年轻人和老年人处理信息的方式不同。随着年龄的增长,人们对局部信息处理的依赖增加,与远处大脑区域的远程交互减少。然而,目前还不清楚这些处理变化是否仅仅是大脑对结构和功能下降的反应,或者它们是否是补偿性的,因为它们支持更好的表现。重要的是,如果大脑信号的可变性能够探索多个网络并产生新的行为,那么它可能是驱动可塑性(大脑对经验做出反应的能力)的机制。年轻人和老年人的不同变异性特征应该会不同地驱动与学习相关的可塑性。对于老年人来说,增加对局部处理的依赖应该有利于支持行为的大脑区域兴奋性的局部改变。对于年轻人来说,对远程处理的依赖增加应该有利于大脑区域之间连接的整体改变,或者支持行为的网络中增加新的区域。在这里,我们将研究可塑性在整个成人寿命期间的视觉知觉学习,在简单的刺激属性的区别能力逐步提高与实践。感知学习被认为是可塑性的表现。它非常适合检查与年龄相关的可塑性变化,因为支持学习的神经基质是明确的,并且可以调整学习所带来的挑战水平以匹配个体之间的任务难度,尽管视觉和注意力功能存在与年龄相关的差异。 在目标1中,我们将研究可塑性和大脑信号变异性如何受到随年龄增长而发生的结构衰退的影响,并使用纵向设计将这些发现与认知弹性联系起来。 在目标2中,我们将研究哪种类型的大脑变化在支持新的学习方面最有效,以及这是如何受到成年人一生中局部和远程处理之间平衡变化的影响。 在目标3中,我们测试了变异性作为促进可塑性的假定机制。 我们的研究结果将为老年人保持认知弹性的情况提供更精确的预测,并为可能驱动可塑性的特定机制提供新的见解。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Protzner, Andrea其他文献
Protzner, Andrea的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Protzner, Andrea', 18)}}的其他基金
How does brain signal variability relate to plasticity during perceptual learning for younger, middle-aged, and older adults?
年轻人、中年和老年人感知学习过程中的大脑信号变异性与可塑性有何关系?
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2020-05299 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
How does brain signal variability relate to plasticity during perceptual learning for younger, middle-aged, and older adults?
年轻人、中年和老年人感知学习过程中的大脑信号变异性与可塑性有何关系?
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2020-05299 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changes in Brain Signal Variability as a Function of Learning and Expertise in Lexical Decision Making
大脑信号变异性的变化作为词汇决策学习和专业知识的函数
- 批准号:
418454-2013 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 2.91万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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