Metabolic responses of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry to environmental stimuli

与气候变化相关的温度和降水的预测年度趋势预计将影响世界各地葡萄酒产区的葡萄生产。然而，在加拿大，这些变化可能有利于未来几年葡萄酒行业的潜在扩张。预计还将出现季节温度和极端降水的相当大的变异性，这突显了了解葡萄的新陈代谢和成分如何对极端环境刺激做出反应的迫切需要。我的研究计划的长期目标是研究酿酒葡萄的成熟和成分对环境因素和气候的反应的分子和生理机制。这将有助于葡萄酒种植者制定可持续的适应战略，以生产出适应当前和未来气候的优质葡萄。该计划的短期目标是：1)了解糖和激素在调节葡萄中的萜烯中的作用。萜烯是影响葡萄酒质量的强烈气味物质。我们将比较葡萄成熟过程中的萜烯水平与糖和激素水平，以及暴露在不同糖和激素处理下的细胞培养中的萜烯水平。基因组和转录组的研究将确定参与调节主要萜类品种葡萄萜类生物合成的基因，以及萜类基因如何对不同的糖和激素处理做出反应。2)确定气候，特别是环境因素，如光和温度对葡萄萜烯生物合成的影响。首先，我们将评估阳光、温度、水的可用性以及它们之间的相互作用对萜烯生物合成的影响程度。然后，我们将评估加拿大葡萄园中萜类含量的变异性，并模拟这些代谢物如何随着气候变化在几个葡萄酒产区的葡萄园中积累。通过比较激素和转录物的图谱与萜类的水平，可以确定参与这些刺激在萜类途径上传递的激素和基因。3)研究气孔行为不同的葡萄品种的生长和组成对水分胁迫的响应。这将决定不同葡萄品种的气孔对水分亏缺的敏感性对葡萄浆果生长和代谢的影响程度。这项研究将考虑跨越一系列气孔行为的商业品种，并评估葡萄的生长和新陈代谢(糖、酸、激素、酚类、挥发性有机化合物如萜烯)对水分亏缺的反应。这一研究计划将有助于促进葡萄生物学的科学研究，并最终促进葡萄酒行业，并定位于在葡萄栽培/园艺领域培训HQP，目的是从代表不足的群体中招聘HQP，他们将为不断扩大的加拿大葡萄和葡萄酒行业做出贡献。

Predicted annual trends in temperature and precipitation linked to climate change are expected to affect grape production in wine regions worldwide. However, in Canada, these changes may favour the potential expansion of the wine industry in future years. Considerable variability in seasonal temperatures and precipitation extremes are also anticipated to occur, highlighting the critical need to understand how grape metabolism and composition respond to extreme environmental stimuli. The long-term objective of my research program is to investigate the molecular and physiological mechanisms that regulate ripening and composition of wine-grapes in response to environmental factors and climates. This will help winegrowers to develop sustainable adaptation strategies to produce premium grapes in current and future climates. This program's short-term objectives are: 1) To understand the role of sugar and hormones in regulating terpenes - powerful odorants that affect the wine quality - in grapes. We will compare terpene levels with sugar and hormone levels during grape ripening and in cell cultures exposed to different sugar and hormone treatments. The study of genomes and transcriptomes will identify the genes involved in the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in the grapes of major terpene-producing varieties and how terpene genes respond to the different sugar and hormone treatments. 2) To determine the effect of climate and, in particular, of environmental factors such as light and temperature on terpene biosynthesis in grapes. First, we will assess the extent to which sunlight, temperature, water availability, and subsequently their interactions affect the terpene biosynthesis. Then we will assess the variability of terpene levels in Canadian vineyards and model how these metabolites accumulate in the vineyard of several wine regions in relation to changes in climate. The hormones and genes that are involved in the relay of these stimuli on the terpene pathways will be identified by comparing the hormone and transcript profiles with the terpene levels. 3) To assess the response of grape growth and composition to water deficit in varieties with contrasting stomatal behaviors. This will determine the extent to which the innate stomatal sensitivity to water deficit of different grapevine varieties affects grape berry growth and metabolism. This study will consider commercial varieties that span a range of stomatal behaviors and assess how the grape growth and metabolism (sugars, acids, hormones, phenolics, volatile organic compounds such as terpenes) respond to water deficit. This research program will help advance the science of grape biology and ultimately the wine industry, and is positioned to train HQP in the areas of viticulture/horticulture, with the aim of recruiting HQP from underrepresented groups, who will contribute back to the expanding Canadian grape and wine industry.