拟杆菌是海洋生态系统中高分子质量溶解有机质的主要利用者和海洋环境中物质循环的重要成员。由于分离培养手段的限制，海洋拟杆菌中存在大量尚未被分离培养的微生物类群，特别是关于好氧和兼性厌氧海洋拟杆菌分离培养的相关研究更少，严重影响了对其生物学功能的进一步挖掘。本项目首先利用宏基因组测序、16S rDNA克隆文库等免培养方法分析特定海洋环境中拟杆菌多样性；在此基础上利用本课题组建立的好氧和兼性厌氧海洋拟杆菌的新的分离方法，分离获得一批海洋拟杆菌的新菌株；然后重点开展这些菌株的分类学研究，发现一系列海洋拟杆菌新科、属、种等新的分类单元；最后对拟杆菌纲的分类体系进行整理与重构，建立拟杆菌新目-龙菌目，完成龙菌目和拟杆菌目中科的划分，确定拟杆菌纲中各属的归属，订正拟杆菌分类体系中的分类学错误。该研究将明确拟杆菌的分类系统，丰富拟杆菌细菌资源，具有很好的理论意义和应用潜力。

Bacteroidetes have been considered as major utilizers of high-molecular-mass dissolved organic matter in marine ecosystems and play important roles in material cycles in marine environments. Despite their abundance and apparent ecological significance, bacteroidetes are underrepresented in culture collections when compared with other abundant phyla due to the restriction of isolation and cultural methods. Very few research works are focused on the isolation and identification of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic marine bacteroidetes. This situation affected the further exploitation of its biological functions greatly. In this project, the diversity analysis of marine bacteroidetes will be carried out by Metagenome Sequencing, 16S rDNA cloning library and other culture independent methods. Then, we will isolate novel aerobic and facultatively anaerobic marine bacteroidetes strains by use of the new method established in our lab. Many new strains will be isolated and cultured. Systematic analysis of these new strains will be carried out, and many new taxa will be proposed. Finally, the collation and reconstruction for class Bacteroidia will be performed. A new order, Dracobacteriales ord. nov., will be proposed. Expanded phylogenetic analysis will be carried out, both for the new strains isolated in this study and other representatives of related family and genera. The incorrect taxonomic unit will be emended.