法医学研究前沿之一是基于案件现场检材的家系搜索。这对缩小嫌疑人范围，指导案件调查至关重要。Y染色体STR（Y-STR）用于法医家系搜索已经取得了巨大成功。然而，犯罪现场检材与所有参比父系样本有少数Y-STR不一致时，判断参比父系中是否有嫌疑人家系十分困难。这是法医Y-STR家系搜索急需解决的科学问题。本课题旨在开展基于高分辨Y染色体遗传标记的法医复杂家系搜索研究，包括：1.建立法医学需要的高分辨Y-SNP单倍群并阐明在中国6个民族及群体的分布规律；2.探索发现突变率合适的Y-STR，为法医复杂家系搜索提供新标记；3.基于高分辨Y-SNP单倍群，阐明家系中远近亲与Y-STR突变分布的相关性，为法医复杂家系搜索提供新理论；4. 建立法医复杂家系搜索模型；5.建立高分辨Y-SNP和Y-STR新一代测序方法，为法医复杂家系搜索提供新技术。

One of the cutting-edge of science research for forensic genetics is pedigree search based on DNA samples in the scene of a crime. It is important for narrowing the scope of suspects and guiding investigations. Y chromosome STR (Y-STR) has been successfully used for forensic pedigree search. However, when there are a few mismatched loci of Y-STR between the crime scene sample and all the reference male lineage samples, it is very difficult to determine whether there is any suspect family in the reference male lineage. This study aims to explore forensic complex pedigree searches based on high-resolution Y-chromosomal genetic markers, including: 1. to establish high-resolution Y-SNP haplogroups for forensic science and to clarify the distribution patterns of 6 ethnic groups in China; 2. to find out Y-STR with appropriate mutation rate to provide new markers for forensic complex pedigree searches; 3. to clarify the correlation between different distant relatives in same male lineage and Y-STR mutation distribution based on high-resolution Y-SNP haplogroups; 4. To establish a forensic complex pedigree search model based on the knowledge of high-resolution Y-SNP haplogroups and Y-STR haplotypes with different mutation rates; 5. To establish a next-generation sequencing method for high-resolution Y-SNP haplogroups and Y-STR haplotypes to provide new technologies for forensic complex pedigree searches.