PM2.5模拟粒子携带重金属及放射性对机体的损伤及防护研究

“雾霾”是时下最受关注的民生问题，严重威胁着每个人的生活与健康。通常认为PM2.5是导致危害的主要成分，但目前局限于流行病学统计和对细胞、组织的毒理水平分析，对PM2.5在体内的处置过程（吸收、分布、排泄、代谢）不明，其病理诱导过程和机制不明，因此急需建立相应的研究策略与技术手段，系统、全面地认识与研究。本项目拟利用放射性核素（89Zr）示踪和正电子发射断层扫描成像（PET），攻克这一难关。以水溶性超微黑色素纳米材料为载体，易与金属螯合，且粒径稳定，使PM2.5模拟粒子的制备工艺简单可控，重复性好，优于传统的大气样品采集。PET实时显像，可明确PM2.5吸入后体内的“暗箱”过程，为PM2.5致机体的损伤和防护提供物质基础和客观参数。该项目成功，可为PM2.5的实验室研究提供新思路、新技术和新方法，对于防治污染、应对污染造成的公共卫生事件、开发防护器具及治疗措施有重要意义。

Haze is the most popular focus now and threatening everyone’s life and health. Generally, PM2.5 in it has been considered as direct and indirect damage to people. Limited studies have been on epidemic assay and toxicology on cells and organs. However, there is still lack of systemic and complete study. The absorption, biodistribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) process of PM2.5 in vivo is still not known. How to induce diseases and how to protect from the contamination are always unclear. Using radioisotope tracing (89Zr) method and molecular imaging technique can solve these problems easily. In this project, untrasmall aqueous melanin nanoparticles (MNP) was used as the platform to mimic PM2.5. The good metal chelation ability and stable particle diameter meet the requirement of simple and controllable preparation of PM2.5 mimic. Moreover, the repeatability is better than that traditionally sampled from different environment. With Positron Emission Tomography (PET), ADME of PM2.5 can be visualized real time and quantified, thus can provide foundation and parameter for injury and protection study. That’s impossible to achieve for other methods. In addition, this can provide new idea and clue for research on PM2.5 caused disease and protective device development.