叶绿体是植物光合作用制造营养的中心，也是植物免疫应答过程中SA、ROS生物合成及传递的主要场所，是调控植物免疫的关键环节。条锈菌是活体营养型寄生真菌，依赖侵染结构吸器汲取寄主的营养，并分泌效应蛋白干扰寄主的免疫。前期在分析条锈菌吸器特异诱导表达的效应蛋白中，发现病菌在进化中产生出了一类具有叶绿体导肽的效应蛋白，意味着其可能进入到寄主植物的叶绿体调控寄主的免疫，那么病菌如何通过效应蛋白利用或影响叶绿体实现营养和免疫调控的平衡？为此，本项目拟在前期研究发现基础上，进一步分析效应蛋白Hasp241在条锈菌侵染致病中的作用；鉴定Hasp241的互作靶标及靶标功能；分析Hasp241对靶标的调控作用方式；解析Hasp241与靶标互作的通路，以深入揭示Hasp241依赖叶绿体调控寄主植物免疫的分子机理，并基于效应蛋白及其互作靶标创制出新型抗病材料，为小麦抗条锈病的遗传改良提供材料和技术支撑。

Chloroplast is the center of photosynthesis and the main compartment of defense signal SA and ROS biosynthesis for the plant immunity response. The crosstalk among the organelles is a crucial process for regulating plant immunity. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an obligate biotrophic fungus, Pst forms a highly specialized infection structure within host cells-haustorium, which uptake nutrients from host cells and secret large amount of effectors into host cells to modulate host immunity and promote susceptibility. On the basis of screening and identification of secreted effectors in Pst haustoria transcriptome, we have obtained a kind of secreted proteins containing chloroplast transport peptide, which indicated that these effectors could enter into the chloroplast to regulate the plant immunity. To know how these effectors balance the nutrient uptake and plant immunity during Pst infection, we plan to further analyze the function of Hasp241 effector during Pst-wheat interaction, identify their host targets, decipher how the effector influence its interacting target to disturb the plant immunity and reveal the molecular mechanism of Hasp241 effector regulating chloroplast-mediated host immunity. Furthermore, we aim to create new broad-spectrum resistance materials by utilizing the effector and its target via RNAi or gene editing, which will provide the resistance materials and techniques for genetic improvement of wheat resistance to stripe rust.