过度胜任的“双刃剑”效应：基于上下级双视角及认知-情绪双路径的研究

过度胜任是现实组织管理中的一种普遍现象，也是组织管理研究领域一个新兴的课题。在遭遇过度胜任时，员工可能会积极或消极的看待这一状态，考虑社会情境中的关系因素，不可能从认知或情绪的单一层面予以简单反应。但已有研究大多仅从个体单一视角、单一理论层面探讨其消极效应，这可能导致不恰当的研究、简化的理解和不正确的结论、启示等问题。本项目拟采用纵向追踪研究设计，以社会信息加工观、认知-情绪系统理论、人-环境匹配理论和情绪事件理论为依据，基于上下级双视角和认知-情绪双路径探索过度胜任的“双刃剑”效应及其机制，依照客观过度胜任-主观过度胜任-影响的认知路径和情绪路径-“双刃剑”效应这一逻辑思路，提出研究的理论假设，分析下属、上司过度胜任分别对下属工作行为表现的影响机理，并通过调查进行实证分析。研究结果将有助于从理论上解释过度胜任可能如何产生积极和消极效应，也有望为组织采取有效的过度胜任管理措施提供科学指导。

Overqualification is a common phenomenon in the reality of organizational management, but also an emerging topic in the field of organizational management research. In the event of overqualification, employees may view the state positively or negatively, may consider social factors in the social context, and may not respond simply from a single theoretical level of cognition or affection. However, most of the existing studies only discuss the negative effects from a single individual perspective and from a single theoretical level, which may lead to inappropriate research, simplified understanding, and improper conclusions and enlightenment. Drawing on social information processing perspective, as well as cognitive-affective system theory, person-environment fit theory, and affective events theory, this project intends to use a longitudinal tracking research design to explore the double-edged sword effect mechanism of overqualification from the leader-follower dual-perspective and through the cognitive-affective dual-path. Specifically, according to the logical thinking of “the objective overqualification-the subjective overqualification-the cognitive path and the affective path-the double-edged sword effect”, this project will explore the double-edged sword effect mechanisms of how the follower overqualification, leader overqualification impact on followers’ work outcomes through the investigation of empirical analysis, respectively. The results of this project will be not only helpful for explaining how overqualification may have positive effects and negative effects, but also able to offer managers some scientific guidance on managing overqualification in practice effectively.