稻飞虱是危害我国水稻生产最严重的生物灾害。近年来由褐飞虱传播的水稻齿叶矮缩病、灰飞虱传播的条纹叶枯病和白背飞虱传播的南方黑条矮缩病在我国南方稻区发生范围持续扩大，给我国的水稻作物安全带来了很大的威胁，但由于对传毒机制知之甚少而导致缺乏有效的防治措施。因此，揭示三种稻飞虱传播水稻病毒病的分子机制是当前亟待解决的科学问题。最近我们分别完成了褐飞虱全基因组测序和组装以及三种稻飞虱的转录组测序，本项目拟在此基础上，全面研究褐飞虱、灰飞虱和白背飞虱应对水稻齿叶矮缩病毒、条纹叶枯病毒和南方黑条矮缩病毒感染的免疫应答机制，通过表达谱测序分析揭示三种稻飞虱对特异性及非特异性病毒感染的免疫反应，发现显著差异表达的宿主免疫因子并进行基因功能验证，明确稻飞虱种间及种内个体的获毒传毒特异性与稻飞虱免疫调控机制之间的关系，为揭示稻飞虱成灾机理和对病毒病的防治提供研究基础。

The rice planthoppers that include Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphgax striatellus and Sogatella furciferas are the most destructive pests for rice throughout Asia, which has caused severe rice damage through sucking rice phloem sap and transmitting plant viruses. However,the mechanisms how these planthoppers acquire and transmit the rice virus are not clear yet. Recently, we completed the sequencing and assembly of the N.lugens genomes and the transcriptome sequencing of three rice planthopper species. Based on these data,in this study, we will perform the gene expression profile sequencing of three rice planthoppers responded to rice ragged stunt virus(RRSV)-, rice stripe virus(RSV)- and southern rice black streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV)-infections, to reveal the host immune responses to the RRSV, RSV and SRBSDV infections, via identifying the differentially expressed immune-related genes and confirming their molecular functions during the viral infection processes. The analysis of the immune-related genes is an important step in determining the overall architecture and functional network of the immune responses to the viral infections in the rice planthoppers. The result will facilitate the understanding of the host immune functions in the rice virus-acquisition and virus-transmission mechanisms, and provide a basis for the further studies on the planthopper disaster mechanisms and its control from the point view of the host immune mechanisms.