首夜效应是在睡眠环境改变时个体出现睡眠紊乱的普遍现象。首夜效应可导致急性失眠，干扰睡眠结构，破坏内分泌节律，影响认知及情绪等日间功能，其引起的睡眠紊乱可发展为慢性失眠、焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍等疾病，严重影响个体健康及社会功能并带来巨大的社会医疗负担。目前，关于首夜效应的临床变化特征、发生机制以及节律基因在首夜效应发生发展中的作用尚不清楚。申请人团队已初步探索了健康人及失眠患者的首夜效应特征，并研究了不同精神疾病患者生物节律的变化特征。因此，本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，通过病例对照研究方法，明确首夜效应的临床变化特征及其发生发展机制，阐明节律基因与首夜效应的关系，并在动物模型中采用基因调控手段，探索节律基因在首夜效应发生发展过程中的调控作用。本研究相关结果将为首夜效应的干预、失眠药物的研发及睡眠障碍的预防提供新方法和新思路。

The first night effect is a common phenomenon of sleep disturbance when the sleep environment changes. The first night effect causes acute insomnia, reduces sleep time, interferes with sleep structure, disrupts endocrine rhythm, and affects daytime functions such as cognition and emotion. Sleep disturbance caused by the first night effect can develop into chronic insomnia, anxiety and depression, which seriously affect individual health and social function and bring huge social medical burden. At present, the clinical characteristics and mechanism of first night effect and the role of rhythm genes in the development of first night effect are still unclear. Our group has preliminarily explored the characteristics of first night effects in healthy people and insomnia patients, and studied the characteristics of biological rhythms in patients with different diseases. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, this project aims to clarify the clinical characteristics and mechanism of the first night effect through case-control study, clarify the relationship between rhythm-related genes and the first night effect, and explore the regulatory role of rhythm genes in the occurrence and development of the first night effect in animal models by means of gene regulation. The results of this study will provide new methods and ideas for the intervention of first night effect, the development of insomnia drugs and the prevention of sleep disorders.