我国是受汉坦病毒（HV）危害最为严重的国家。HV从自然宿主（黑线姬鼠褐家鼠）向终宿主（HFRS患者）传播的机制所知甚少，病毒基因变异在其中起关键作用。前期研究发现东南沿海地区自然宿主体内存在多个汉城型和汉滩型HV的新分支，这些新的病毒基因在HFRS传播流行中的作用并不清楚。为了探讨HV从自然宿主向终宿主传播的分子机制，本项目拟进一步研究该地区终宿主体内HV S、M基因的特征，并与以往研究获得的自然宿主体内的HV基因比较，结合HFRS流行病学回顾性资料和患者的临床资料，分析HV在从自然宿主向终宿主传播和感染过程中HV基因突变、蛋白功能变化与HFRS流行和患者病情发生发展的关系，明确HV从自然宿主向终宿主传播和感染的分子基础。本研究将从宏观和微观方面阐明HV传播的分子机制，它对于制订HFRS的防治措施、阻断和干预病毒感染，控制HFRS的流行具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。

Infection with hantavirus is a major public health problem worldwide and China suffers the most. Thus far, little is known about the mechanism of how HV spread from the nature host (apodemus agrarius or rattus norvegicus) to the definite host (HFRS patients). The genetic variation of the virus play a key role in HV spreading. Previous studies have demonstrated that many new branches of Seoul type and Hantaan type of HV exist in the natural host in the southeast coastal, but the effect of these new virus genes in the transmission of HFRS remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of HV transmission from natural host to the definitive host. To identify the HV gene mutation and function of HV protein in the process of HV transmission and infection from natural host to the definitive host with the epidemic of HFRS and patients' clinical feature, we will further investigate the characteristic of HV S, M gene in the definitive host and compare it with the previous acquired HV gene in the natural host. To clarify this mechanism, we will also analyze the retrospective epidemiological data and patients' clinical features. The present study will elucidate the molecular mechanism of HV transmission from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects. This will make a great contribution to the development of HFRS prevention measures, intervention of virus infection and the control of HFRS epidemic.