典型有色金属矿山有机选冶药剂消减过程的同位素环境生物地球化学特征研究

我国每年矿山选冶药剂用量达千万吨级，是农药年使用量的3倍以上，也是加剧有色金属矿山重金属污染的罪魁祸首。大多数选冶药剂能够形成直接污染、二次污染、及其与重金属形成复合污染，让重金属以新的赋存形态和迁移方式存在，更容易大范围地迁移和进入生物链，使矿山污染加剧、复杂化和区域化。在矿山复杂污染环境下，依靠传统降解产物的化学指纹和分布特征及多元统计法来研究污染机制和源解析，具有不确定性。单体同位素技术不仅可准确示踪污染物的迁移转化，且可量化实地的消解过程，还能研究过程中地球微生物活性、结构和功能的变化，准确阐明污染物的消解机理，是解决有色矿山重金属及选冶药剂形成复杂污染的突破口。本研究将地球微生物学、环境生物地球化学的理论与单体同位素、现代微量热、分子生物学等先进的理化生技术相结合，系统研究选冶药剂污染过程的同位素环境生物地球化学特征，为有色金属矿山污染的预警、防控和治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Ten million tons of flotation reagents are used annually in non-ferrous metal mines in China, more than three times the amount of pesticides used annually, therefore the major source of aggravating heavy metal pollution in these mines. Most floatation reagents form direct pollution, secondary pollution caused by degradation products, and combined pollution with heavy metals. Then heavy metals are easier to large scale migrate and enter food chain in a new pattern of occurrence and migration way, which makes mine pollution complicate, aggravate, and regionalization. Past research focused mainly on the migration, adsorption and degradation of single or multiple contaminants, while degradation pathways and identification of pollution sources relied on degradation products and multivariate statistical methods with uncertainty. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) remedies the deficiency both by accurately tracing the migration and transformation of organic pollutants and by quantifying the degradation process. This technique can also clarify the degradation mechanism of pollutants from geomicrobial activity, structural and functional changes, therefore making CSIA the breakthrough in solving the problems organic pollutant research. Our study will integrate geomicrobiolgy, environmental biogeochemistry, and organic geochemistry with compound specific isotope analysis, modern micro-thermal technology, physical and chemical techniques of molecular biology; systematically investigate the environment biogeochemical behavior of flotation reagent pollutants in non-ferrous metal mine at molecular level; and therefore provide scientific and technical support for bioremediation of flotation reagent contamination.