Nonhuman primate models of Alzheimer-like cerebral proteopathy.

Nonhuman primate models of Alzheimer-like cerebral proteopathy.
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DOI:
10.2174/138161212799315885
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Walker LC
Walker LC
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heuer E;Rosen RF;Cintron A;Walker LC

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非人类灵长类动物可用于研究与年龄相关的大脑变化和在生物学上与人类相似的模型中的行为。 Aβ 和 tau 蛋白是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 发病机制中的两个关键蛋白,在灵长类动物中具有高度同源性。随着年龄的增长,迄今为止分析的所有非人类灵长类动物都会出现老年(Aβ)斑块和脑β-淀粉样血管病。相比之下,显着的 tau 蛋白病在猿类中并不常见,只有人类才会表现出阿尔茨海默病的严重 tau 蛋白病、神经元变性和认知障碍。因此,灵长类动物是类似 AD 的病理学模型,这在某种程度上是自相矛盾的。一方面,它们是正常衰老和自然发生的 Aβ 损伤的优秀模型,可用于测试针对 Aβ 聚集形式的诊断和治疗药物。另一方面,在存在大量脑 Aβ 沉积的情况下,猴子和猿对 tau 蛋白病和 AD 相关神经变性的抵抗力表明,对人类和非人类灵长类动物进行比较分析可以为人类独特的阿尔茨海默病易感性提供信息线索。
Nonhuman primates are useful for the study of age-associated changes in the brain and behavior in a model that is biologically proximal to humans. The Aβ and tau proteins, two key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are highly homologous among primates. With age, all nonhuman primates analyzed to date develop senile (Aβ) plaques and cerebral β-amyloid angiopathy. In contrast, significant tauopathy is unusual in simians, and only humans manifest the profound tauopathy, neuronal degeneration and cognitive impairment that characterize Alzheimer’s disease. Primates thus are somewhat paradoxical models of AD-like pathology; on the one hand, they are excellent models of normal aging and naturally occurring Aβ lesions, and they can be useful for testing diagnostic and therapeutic agents targeting aggregated forms of Aβ. On the other hand, the resistance of monkeys and apes to tauopathy and AD-related neurodegeneration, in the presence of substantial cerebral Aβ deposition, suggests that a comparative analysis of human and nonhuman primates could yield informative clues to the uniquely human predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease.
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