Maternal cadmium exposure during pregnancy and size at birth: a prospective cohort study.
Maternal cadmium exposure during pregnancy and size at birth: a prospective cohort study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1103711
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Vahter M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kippler M;Tofail F;Gardner R;Rahman A;Hamadani JD;Bottai M;Vahter M
背景：镉(Cd)是一种在多种动物中具有胚胎毒性和致畸作用的金属，但来自人类的数据有限。目的：本研究的目的是评估母亲孕期镉暴露对出生时大小的影响。方法：这项前瞻性队列研究嵌套在孟加拉国农村地区进行的一项基于人群的孕期营养补充试验中。我们选择了从2002年2月到2003年1月期间招募的妇女，她们出生时测量了体型，并在怀孕早期捐赠了尿样进行CD分析(n=1,616)。用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测尿Cd，并调整比重。结果：校正性别和其他潜在混杂因素的多元线性回归分析显示，母亲尿Cd(中位数0.63μg/L)与出生体重[非标准化回归系数B=-31.0；95%可信区间(CI)：-59，-2.8]和头围(B=-0.15；95%CI：-0.27，-0.026)呈显著负相关。然而，这种联系似乎仅限于女孩，几乎没有证据表明对男孩有影响。母亲尿镉1-μg/L增加与女婴头围和胸围分别减少0.26 cm(95%CI：-0.43，-0.088 cm)和0.24 cm(95%CI：-0.44，-0.030 cm)，出生体重减少45g(95%CI：-82.5，7.3g)相关。分位数回归分析表明，出生时较小(第25个百分位数)和较大(第50个百分位数和第75个百分位数)的女孩与母亲CD的关系相似。结论：我们发现了母亲接触镉与出生大小之间存在性别差异的证据，这种差异仅在女孩中明显。结果为减少镉污染以改善公众健康的必要性提供了支持。
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an embryotoxic and teratogenic metal in a variety of animal species, but data from humans are limited. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of maternal Cd exposure in pregnancy on size at birth. Methods: This prospective cohort study was nested in a population-based nutritional supplementation trial in pregnancy conducted in rural Bangladesh. We selected women recruited from February 2002 through January 2003 who had a singleton birth with measurements of size at birth and had donated a urine sample in early pregnancy for Cd analyses (n = 1,616). Urinary Cd was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and adjusted for specific gravity. Results: Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for sex and other potential confounders showed that maternal urinary Cd (median, 0.63 μg/L) was significantly negatively associated with birth weight [unstandardized regression coefficient B = –31.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): –59, –2.8] and head circumference (B = –0.15; 95% CI: –0.27, –0.026). However, associations appeared to be limited to girls, with little evidence of effects in boys. A 1-μg/L increase in Cd in maternal urine was associated with a 0.26-cm (95% CI: –0.43, –0.088 cm) and 0.24-cm (95% CI: –0.44, –0.030 cm) decrease in girls’ head and chest circumferences, respectively, and a 45-g (95% CI: –82.5, 7.3 g) decrease in birth weight. Quantile regression analyses indicated that associations with maternal Cd were similar for girls of smaller (25th percentile) and larger (50th and 75th percentiles) sizes at birth. Conclusion: We found evidence of a sex difference in the association between maternal Cd exposure and birth size, which was apparent only in girls. Results add support for the need to reduce Cd pollution to improve public health.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Kippler, Maria;Ekstrom, Eva-Charlotte;Vahter, Marie
通讯作者：
Vahter, Marie
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Doi, Takashi;Puri, Prem;Thompson, Jennifer
通讯作者：
Thompson, Jennifer
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Kippler, Maria;Loennerdal, Bo;Vahter, Marie
通讯作者：
Vahter, Marie
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Kippler, Maria;Nermell, Barbro;Vahter, Marie
通讯作者：
Vahter, Marie
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hernandez, M;Schuhmacher, M;Llobet, JM
通讯作者：
Llobet, JM