The need to study human milk as a biological system.
The need to study human milk as a biological system.
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需要将母乳作为一个生物系统进行研究。
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/nqab075
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发表时间：
2021-05-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Raiten DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christian P;Smith ER;Lee SE;Vargas AJ;Bremer AA;Raiten DJ
母乳作为一个生物系统，与无数内部（母体生物学）和外部（饮食，环境，感染）因素及其对发育中的婴儿的过多影响交叉和相互作用，需要在研究中取得重大进展。人乳的组成及其产生的生物功能超过其各部分的总和。我们未能完全理解这种生物学在很大程度上有助于为什么纯母乳喂养的持续时间仍然是一个不确定的科学（如果不是政策）。我们目前对人乳组成及其单个组分及其功能的理解未能充分认识到人乳的时间生物学和系统生物学在乳汁合成、最佳喂养时间和持续时间以及哺乳期背景下的重要性。过于简单，但常见的方法来分析单一的，主要是营养成分的人乳是不足以理解的贡献，无论是个别成分或矩阵中，他们存在的孕产妇和儿童的健康。有必要改变研究母乳的概念方法，以改进战略和干预措施，支持更好的哺乳、母乳喂养和各种婴儿喂养做法，特别是生活在营养不良和感染环境中的妇女和婴儿。最近的技术进步导致了一个不断上升的运动，朝着推进人乳生物学的科学。在此，我们描述了揭示母乳中成分的各种营养、非营养、免疫和生物信号传导途径的多功能性的基本原理和迫切需要，这些成分在生命的早期出生后阶段驱动系统发育和成熟、生长和发育。我们为研究战略和议程提供了一个愿景和概念框架，以改变母乳生物学领域，并对全球政策，创新和干预措施产生影响。
Critical advancement is needed in the study of human milk as a biological system that intersects and interacts with myriad internal (maternal biology) and external (diet, environment, infections) factors and its plethora of influences on the developing infant. Human-milk composition and its resulting biological function is more than the sum of its parts. Our failure to fully understand this biology in a large part contributes to why the duration of exclusive breastfeeding remains an unsettled science (if not policy). Our current understanding of human-milk composition and its individual components and their functions fails to fully recognize the importance of the chronobiology and systems biology of human milk in the context of milk synthesis, optimal timing and duration of feeding, and period of lactation. The overly simplistic, but common, approach to analyzing single, mostly nutritive components of human milk is insufficient to understand the contribution of either individual components or the matrix within which they exist to both maternal and child health. There is a need for a shift in the conceptual approach to studying human milk to improve strategies and interventions to support better lactation, breastfeeding, and the full range of infant feeding practices, particularly for women and infants living in undernourished and infectious environments. Recent technological advances have led to a rising movement towards advancing the science of human-milk biology. Herein, we describe the rationale and critical need for unveiling the multifunctionality of the various nutritional, nonnutritional, immune, and biological signaling pathways of the components in human milk that drive system development and maturation, growth, and development in the very early postnatal period of life. We provide a vision and conceptual framework for a research strategy and agenda to change the field of human-milk biology with implications for global policy, innovation, and interventions.
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