Where is the "meta" in animal metacognition?

Where is the "meta" in animal metacognition?
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动物元认知中的“元”在哪里?

DOI:
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Nate Kornell
Nate Kornell
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nate Kornell

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类人猿、海豚和一些猴子似乎具有元认知能力:它们可以准确地评估它们在认知任务中反应正确(或将会正确)的可能性。这些确定性判断被认为是重要的,因为它们暗示动物可以评估内在的认知状态,这可能需要进行有意义的自我反思。但很少有研究研究反映了什么:研究人员假设,当动物做出元认知判断时,它们会评估内部记忆的强度。然而,数十年的研究表明,人类不能直接评估内部记忆的强度。取而代之的是,他们通过从他们可以评估的线索中进行推断来做出确定性判断,比如熟悉度和处理的容易程度。动物似乎也会做同样的事情,但这一假设尚未得到检验。我建议两种策略来研究动物元认知判断背后的内部线索。动物和人类一样,有可能在没有意识或有意义的自我反省的情况下,根据内在线索做出确定性的判断。
Apes, dolphins, and some monkeys seem to have metacognitive abilities: They can accurately evaluate the likelihood that their response in cognitive task was (or will be) correct. These certainty judgments are seen as significant because they imply that animals can evaluate internal cognitive states, which may entail meaningful self-reflection. But little research has investigated what is being reflected upon: Researchers have assumed that when animals make metacognitive judgments they evaluate internal memory strength. Yet decades of research have demonstrated that humans cannot directly evaluate internal memory strength. Instead, they make certainty judgments by drawing inferences from cues they can evaluate, such as familiarity and ease of processing. It seems likely that animals do the same, but this hypothesis has not been tested. I suggest two strategies for investigating the internal cues that underlie animal metacognitive judgments. It is possible that animals, like humans, are capable of making certainty judgments based on internal cues without awareness or meaningful self-reflection.
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.18.5.1074
发表时间: 1992-09
期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Bennett L. Schwartz;Janet Metcalfe
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影响因子: --
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