Monitoring drug consumption in Innsbruck during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown by wastewater analysis.
Monitoring drug consumption in Innsbruck during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown by wastewater analysis.
复制标题
通过废水分析监测2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）冠状病毒疾病期间的药物消耗。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144006
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发表时间：
2021-02-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oberacher H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reinstadler V;Ausweger V;Grabher AL;Kreidl M;Huber S;Grander J;Haslacher S;Singer K;Schlapp-Hackl M;Sorg M;Erber H;Oberacher H
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已发展成为一场严重的大流行病，全球诊断出数百万病例。为对抗COVID-19大流行，超过100个国家实施全面或部分封锁，影响数十亿人。在蒂罗尔，于二零二零年三月十日首次采取封锁措施。于二零二零年三月十六日，宵禁生效，并于二零二零年五月一日结束。于二零二零年三月十九日，蒂罗尔整体被隔离，并于二零二零年四月七日结束。政府的行动有助于减少COVID-19的传播，但代价是对社会生活和行为产生重大影响。因此，为了全面了解人口的健康状况，不仅需要医学和生物科学的投入，而且还需要能够提供生活方式信息的其他科学的投入，如药物使用情况。在此，基于废水的流行病学被用于研究蒂罗尔州首府因斯布鲁克（174，000名居民）地区封锁和隔离期间合法和非法药物消费的时间趋势。于2020年3月12日至2020年4月15日期间的35天内，于废水中监测到23种标记物的负载。2016年3月至2020年1月期间292天确定的载荷作为参考。在封锁期间，发现娱乐性药物（即可卡因、苯丙胺、3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺和酒精）和短期应用药物（即对乙酰氨基酚、可待因和甲氧苄啶）的消费模式发生了变化。对于非法药物和酒精，观察到的变化很可能与酒店业的关闭和活动取消有关，这导致这些化合物的需求减少，特别是在周末。关于药品，有必要进一步开展工作，以澄清观察到的下降是人口健康状况改善的指标，还是某种抑制作用导致医生和药房的咨询次数减少。
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a serious pandemic with millions of cases diagnosed worldwide. To fight COVID-19 pandemic, over 100 countries instituted either a full or partial lockdown, affecting billions of people. In Tyrol, first lockdown measures were taken on 10 March 2020. On 16 March 2020, a curfew went into force which ended on 1 May 2020. On 19 March 2020, Tyrol as a whole was placed in quarantine which ended on 7 April 2020. The governmental actions helped reducing the spread of COVID-19 at the cost of significant effects on social life and behaviour. Accordingly, to provide a comprehensive picture of the population health status not only input from medical and biological sciences is required, but also from other sciences able to provide lifestyle information such as drug use. Herein, wastewater-based epidemiology was used for studying temporal trends of licit and illicit drug consumption during lockdown and quarantine in the area of the Tyrolean capital Innsbruck (174,000 inhabitants). On 35 days between 12 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, loads of 23 markers were monitored in wastewater. Loads determined on 292 days between March 2016 and January 2020 served as reference. During lockdown, changes in the consumption patterns of recreational drugs (i.e. cocaine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, and alcohol) and pharmaceuticals for short-term application (i.e. acetaminophen, codeine, and trimethoprim) were detected. For illicit drugs and alcohol, it is very likely that observed changes were linked to the shutdown of the hospitality industry and event cancelation which led to a reduced demand of these compounds particularly on weekends. For the pharmaceuticals, further work will be necessary to clarify if the observed declines are indicators of improved population health or of some kind of restraining effect that reduced the number of consultations of medical doctors and pharmacies.
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