How neurons generate behavior in a hatchling amphibian tadpole: an outline.
How neurons generate behavior in a hatchling amphibian tadpole: an outline.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00016
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Soffe SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts A;Li WC;Soffe SR
成人的神经系统是如此复杂，以至于理解它们如何产生行为仍然是一个真实的挑战。我们选择研究刚孵化的非洲爪蟾蝌蚪，它们的行为由几千个神经元控制，但神经元的类型非常有限。小蝌蚪可以弯曲，游走，调整它们的轨迹，加速和减速，当它们接触到支持物时停止，当它们被抓住时挣扎。它们对触摸、压力、有害刺激、光强度和水流都很敏感。使用全细胞记录导致在理解控制行为的中枢网络方面取得了快速进展。我们的方法说明了皮肤触摸的屈曲反射的分析。然后，我们定义了七种类型的神经元，当皮肤被触摸时，允许蝌蚪游泳，并使用成对的记录来研究神经元的特性，突触连接和活动模式。游泳网络如何运作的建议进行了评估实验和网络建模。然后，我们研究GABA能抑制通路，控制游泳，但也产生紧张性抑制，以减少蝌蚪在休息时的反应。最后，我们分析了蝌蚪在被抓住时所做的强烈的交替挣扎运动。我们表明，这里的节奏产生的机制是非常不同的游泳过程中。虽然还有很多东西有待解释，但对这种简单脊椎动物的研究已经揭示了脊椎动物神经系统功能和组织的基本原理。
Adult nervous systems are so complex that understanding how they produce behavior remains a real challenge. We chose to study hatchling Xenopus tadpoles where behavior is controlled by a few thousand neurons but there is a very limited number of types of neuron. Young tadpoles can flex, swim away, adjust their trajectory, speed-up and slow-down, stop when they contact support and struggle when grasped. They are sensitive to touch, pressure, noxious stimuli, light intensity and water currents. Using whole-cell recording has led to rapid progress in understanding central networks controlling behavior. Our methods are illustrated by an analysis of the flexion reflex to skin touch. We then define the seven types of neuron that allow the tadpole to swim when the skin is touched and use paired recordings to investigate neuron properties, synaptic connections and activity patterns. Proposals on how the swim network operates are evaluated by experiment and network modeling. We then examine GABAergic inhibitory pathways that control swimming but also produce tonic inhibition to reduce responsiveness when the tadpole is at rest. Finally, we analyze the strong alternating struggling movements the tadpole makes when grasped. We show that the mechanisms for rhythm generation here are very different to those during swimming. Although much remains to be explained, study of this simple vertebrate has uncovered basic principles about the function and organization of vertebrate nervous systems.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
CLARKE, JDW;HAYES, BP;ROBERTS, A
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, A
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1987.0068
发表时间：
1987-11-23
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DALE, N;ROBERTS, A;STORMMATHISEN, J
通讯作者：
STORMMATHISEN, J
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Dale, N;Gilday, D
通讯作者：
Gilday, D
影响因子：
2
作者：
BOOTHBY, KM;ROBERTS, A
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, A
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
DALE, N;OTTERSEN, OP;STORMMATHISEN, J
通讯作者：
STORMMATHISEN, J