Reflecting on the Role of Gender and Race in Speech-Language Pathology
Reflecting on the Role of Gender and Race in Speech-Language Pathology
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反思性别和种族在言语病理学中的作用
DOI：
10.1044/2022_persp-22-00019
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Holt, Yolanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holt, Yolanda
本研究是在2021年9月2日举行的美国语音语言听力协会SIG 19虚拟演讲“不同人群中的语音科学”之后应邀进行的。这篇文章的目的是从北美（美国）的角度向观众介绍性别和种族的历史和理论框架，这些主题可能不太熟悉，因为它们与传播科学和疾病的实践有关。种族和性别是巨大的话题。整个研究领域和一生的工作都致力于理解这些结构。因此，我们希望这篇关于种族和性别的简短回顾将促使读者评估这两个构念是如何被用来对人进行分类的，以及作为一个边缘化或少数群体的成员是否会影响一个人获得或使用干预服务。对种族和性别的批判性理论讨论超出了本文的范围。在有限的篇幅内，本书概述了当前和历史上关于性别和种族的讨论，并向读者提出挑战，要求他们接受自己的观点受到特定信仰体系的影响。在美国，这种信念体系经常在加权连续体上将人类差异评估为二元类别。语言专业人士经常使用这种连续体来识别和测量差异，使其变成可接受的变异或紊乱。语言病理学专业是在美国中产阶级白人交流规范的差异经常被定义为不受欢迎的，有时被定义为紊乱的时期建立的。我们遇到的社区和个人应该被接受。我们必须下定决心，期待并接受人类交流的广泛变化，而不把它的存在病态化，扩大我们对语言和听力科学障碍的思考，并接受文化上有能力的沟通者作为有能力的沟通者。
PurposeThe presented work was invited following the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association SIG 19 Virtual Talk “Speech Science in Diverse Populations” that occurred on September 2, 2021. The purpose of this article was to introduce the historical and theoretical frameworks of gender and race from a decidedly North American (United States) perspective to an audience that may be less familiar with those topics as they relate to the practice of communication sciences and disorders. Race and gender are huge topics. Entire fields of study and lifetimes of work are dedicated to understanding these constructs. Therefore, it is hoped that this brief review of race and gender will prompt the reader to evaluate how the two constructs are used to categorize people and whether being a member of a marginalized or a minoritized group affects the person's access to or use of intervention services. A critical theoretical discussion of race and gender is beyond the scope of this text. In this limited space, this work presents an overview of current and historical discussions of gender and race and a challenge to the reader to accept that their perspective is indebted to a specific belief system. In the United States, that belief system often evaluates human differences into binary categories on a weighted continuum. Speech-language professionals often use that continuum to identify and measure difference into either acceptable variation or disorder.ConclusionsThe profession of speech-language pathology was established during a time when variation from middle-class White American communication norms was frequently defined as undesirable and sometimes as disordered. The communities and individuals we encounter deserve to be accepted as they are. We must resolve to expect and accept wide variation in human communication without pathologizing its existence, to expand our thinking about disorder in speech and hearing science, and to accept culturally competent communicators as competent communicators.
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