Role of the gut microbiota in defining human health.

Role of the gut microbiota in defining human health.
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DOI:
10.1586/eri.10.14
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发表时间:
2010-04
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Lynch SV
Lynch SV
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fujimura KE;Slusher NA;Cabana MD;Lynch SV

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人类超有机体是哺乳动物和微生物细胞的集合体,后者的数量估计是前者的10倍,微生物的遗传库(微生物组)大约是人类宿主的100倍。考虑到免疫应答快速对抗感染因子的能力,令人惊讶的是,如此大密度的微生物可以在人类宿主内以协同作用的状态存在。对于远端胃肠道(GI)尤其如此,其中容纳多达1000种不同的细菌物种和估计超过1 × 1014个微生物。越来越多的证据表明,胃肠道微生物群在定义健康和疾病状态方面具有重要意义。在这里,我们回顾了成人和儿童胃肠道微生物组研究的文献,微生物群落结构,功能,感染和疾病之间的新联系,以及操纵这一关键生态系统以改善宿主健康的方法。
The human superorganism is a conglomerate of mammalian and microbial cells, with the latter estimated to outnumber the former by ten to one and the microbial genetic repertoire (microbiome) to be approximately 100-times greater than that of the human host. Given the ability of the immune response to rapidly counter infectious agents, it is striking that such a large density of microbes can exist in a state of synergy within the human host. This is particularly true of the distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which houses up to 1000 distinct bacterial species and an estimated excess of 1 × 1014 microorganisms. An ever-increasing body of evidence implicates the GI microbiota in defining states of health and disease. Here, we review the literature in adult and pediatric GI microbiome studies, the emerging links between microbial community structure, function, infection and disease, and the approaches to manipulate this crucial ecosystem to improve host health.
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