Parthenogenetic Reproduction and It's Correlation to the Presence of a Single Trematode Parasite in Freshwater Snails

淡水蜗牛孤雌生殖及其与单一吸虫寄生的关系。该奖项是根据美国-工业化国家科学家和工程师交流项目1987/1988竞赛提出的。该计划旨在使西欧工业化国家以及日本、澳大利亚和新西兰的机构能够参与其中。交换奖为进行联合研究和利用国外独特或互补的设施、专门知识和实验条件提供了机会。奖项是根据与其科学领域相关的科学标准，以及申请人在科学和工程领域的国际合作的前景潜力来选择的。该项目特别针对正在从事研究工作的科学家和工程师。本研究项目将探讨淡水蜗牛（Potamorpyrgus Antipodarum）单性生殖繁殖能力与单一吸虫寄生虫存在之间的相关性问题。本研究的目的是直接验证有性蜗牛比无性蜗牛更能抵抗吸虫寄生虫感染的先验预测，这是寄生导致的自然选择维持性别的必要条件。该项目由美国亚利桑那大学生态与进化生物学系主任Curtis M. Lively博士和新西兰坎特伯雷大学动物学系系主任C. L. McLay博士指导。该奖励建议提供资金，酌情支付国际旅行，国外本地旅行，津贴，家属津贴（如果适用），语言培训（如果需要），以及美国本土机构250美元的固定行政津贴。

Parthenogenetic Reproduction and It's Correlation to the Presence of a Single Trematode Parasite in Freshwater Snails. This award recommendation is made under the U.S.-Industrialized Countries Program for the Exchange of Scientists and Engineers, 1987/1988 Competition. The program is designed to enable institutions in the industrialized countries of Western Europe as well as Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Exchange awards provide opportunities for the conduct of joint research and the utilization of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions in foreign contries. Awards are selected on the basis of scientific criteria relevant to his/her field of science, the prospective potential of the applicants of international cooperation in science and engineering. The program is particularly directed to scientists and engineers who are embarking on their research career. This research project will address the problem of correlation between the capability of the freshwater snail, Potamorpyrgus Antipodarum, of parthenogenetic reproduction and the presence of a single trematode parasite. The purpose of this study is to directly test the a priori prediction that sexual snails are more resistant to infection by the trematode parasite than are asexual snails - a necessary condition for the maintenance of sex by natural selection resulting from parasitism. The project is under the direction of Dr. Curtis M. Lively, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A., and Dr. C. L. McLay, Head, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. This award recommendation provides funds to cover, as appropriate, international travel, local travel abroad, stipend, dependents allowance, if applicable, language training, if required, and a flat administrative allowance of $250 for the U.S. home institution.