Population Genetics of DNA Polymorphisms

这笔赠款提供了预期四年支助中的第一年。 乔德博士和他的同事将对一种 样本的400犹他州摩门教徒出生在8个不同的地理 细分。乔德博士将获得限制性片段长度 来自三种不同基因组来源的多态性（RFLP）： 线粒体DNA（mtDNA）、Y染色体DNA和常染色体DNA。 第一种是母系遗传的，第二种只能通过 父系是父母双方的第三代。假设将是 测试了多态性水平，组间遗传 方差和遗传距离。 鉴于摩门教会保存的优秀文件 还可以根据以下因素来比较遗传亲缘关系， RFLP与先前获得的亲属关系估计的基础上， 迁移矩阵、同姓（同姓）和系谱 数据这将使几个进化假说， 测试.例如，理论预测Y染色体DNA和 线粒体DNA的RFLP应该是创始人的特别敏感的指标 影响和漂移。如果这是真的，那么遗传距离 使用这些系统计算， 比那些基于常染色体DNA的更小的外围 细分。 这个项目很重要，因为它将有助于发展一个 这项技术在人类学上有很大的潜在用途， 以及其他类型的基因研究。因为， 线粒体DNA和Y染色体DNA是简单的-每一个遗传自只 因为两种DNA似乎都发生了突变 很快，这两个潜在的提供了极好的人口标记， 它可以用来追踪迁移和物理相互作用 随着时间的推移。通过对当今群体的研究， 应该可以重建他们的历史因为如此 线粒体DNA已经被用于这一领域， 目的，但结果是有争议的， 控制的情况尚未进行。乔德医生的 项目应该纠正这种情况。的结果 研究不仅对人类学家有价值， 历史学家，遗传学家和其他生物学家。

This grant provides the first of four expected years of support. Dr.Jorde and his colleagues will conduct genetic studies on a sample of 400 Utah Mormons born in 8 different geographic subdivisions. Dr. Jorde will obtain restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) from three different genomic sources: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y chromosomal DNA and autosomal DNA. The first is inherited maternally, the second only through the paternal line the the third from both parents. Hypotheses will be tested regarding levels of polymorphism, between-group genetic variance andd genetic distances using these three types of RFLPs. Given the excellent documentation maintained by the Mormon church it will also be possible to compare genetic kinship based on RFLPs with previously obtained estimates of kinship based on migration matrices, isonoymy (shared last names) and pedigree data. This will allow several evolutionary hypotheses to be tested. Theory, for example, predicts that Y chromosomal DNA and mtDNA RFLPs should be especialy sensitive indicators of founder effects and drift. If this is true, then genetic distances calculated using these systems should be comparatively larger than those based on autosomal DNA for smaller outlying subdivisions. This project is important because it will help to develop a technique which is of great potential use in anthropological as well as other types of genetic study. Because the genetics of mtDNA and Y chromosomal DNA are simple - each inherited from only one parent - and because both kinds of DNA appear to mutate quickly, both potentially provide excellent population markers which can be used to trace the migration and physical interaction of groups over time. Through study of present day groups it should be possible to reconstruct their history. Because of this recognized potential, mtDNA has already been used for this purpose but the results are controversial since basic studies in controlled situations have not been conducted. Dr. Jorde's project should remedy this situation. The results of this research will be of value not only to anthropologists and historians but also to geneticists and other biologists.