Cosmic Rays and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field

宇宙射线长时间不间断的时间序列 中子监测器记录的观测结果是非常宝贵的， 资源的长期和周期性变化的研究 宇宙射线太阳和行星际介质 这些数据， 以及对日光层粒子和场的测量 通过航天器在原地获取，使我们能够执行严格的 带电粒子加速的观测试验， 运输，从而指明了改善理论的道路， 对日地运动基本过程的描述 Research. 此外，宇宙射线通常可以被视为 测试粒子，因此，可以被视为远程探针， 行星间的介质在其他区域 未采样。 通过适当的分析，粒子观测可以 用于获取行星际磁场的信息 其他人难以或不可能获得的领域 方法. 这笔赠款将支持一个基础广泛的理论项目 宇宙射线及其相互作用的观测研究 太阳和太阳风的磁场 包括的是 图勒和纽瓦克中子监测器的继续运行 直到1992年中期 特定研究 任务包括（1）在90 °俯仰角附近的颗粒散射， 耗散、动力学湍流;（2）磁螺旋度效应 太阳粒子输运，（3）太阳高能粒子及其 长期变化，（4）三维结构， 宇宙射线揭示的行星际磁湍流 测量，（5）宇宙线周日各向异性的依赖性 太阳的磁极性（“二十年波”）， (6)太阳黑子周期和太阳磁周期的变化 宇宙线梯度 总体目标是利用高能粒子探测 地球的自然电磁环境

The long, uninterrupted time series of cosmic ray observations recorded by neutron monitors is an invaluable resource for the study of secular and periodic variations of cosmic rays, the sun, and the interplanetary medium. These data, together with measurements of heliospheric particles and fields acquired in situ by spacecraft, allow us to perform rigorous observational tests of charged particle acceleration and transport, thus pointing the way to improved theoretical descriptions of this fundamental process of Solar Terrestrial Research. In addition, the cosmic rays can often be regarded as test particles and, as such, can be treated as remote probes of the interplanetary medium in regions that are otherwise unsampled. With appropriate analysis, particle observations can be used to derive information on the interplanetary magnetic field that would be difficult or impossible to obtain by other methods. This grant will support a broad-based program of theoretical and observational research on cosmic rays and their interaction with the magnetic fields of the sun and solar wind. Included is the continued operation of the Thule and Newark neutron monitors through the upcoming solar maximum to mid-1992. Specific study tasks include (1) particle scattering near 90o pitch angle in dissipative, dynamic turbulence, (2) magnetic helicity effects in solar particle transport, (3) solar energetic particles and their long term variability, (4) the three-dimensional structure of interplanetary magnetic turbulence, as revealed in cosmic ray measurements, (5) dependence of the cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy upon the sun's magnetic polarity (the "twenty year wave"), and (6) the sunspot cycle and solar magnetic cycle variation of the cosmic ray gradient. The overall aim is to use energetic particles to probe the earth's natural electromagnetic environment.