The Morphological Effects of Artificial Deformation

人类头骨的各个组成部分--面部、脑颅和颅骨--的生长是如何相互联系和影响的，这一直是体质人类学中的一个问题，长期以来一直暗示着对它的完全理解。各种实验技术已经用于实验动物，但由于人类成长的独特特征，所获得的知识并不总是适用于人类。这项研究将调查所谓的自然实验--不同群体的美洲印第安人故意捆绑颅顶--以确定故意捆绑是否会影响头骨其他部分的生长。故意捆绑会阻碍被捆绑部分的生长。虽然过去已经对人工颅骨变形进行了研究，但由于测量技术的不足，这个问题还没有得到确凿的答案。这项研究将利用一种相对较新的分析技术，有限元标度，来测量和评估同一骨骼系列中变形和未变形的颅骨之间的差异。这项研究中获得的数据将对评估关于颅骨成分关系的各种假说很重要。

The manner in which the growth of each of the component parts of the human skull--the face, neurocranium, and basicranium--interrelates and affects each other has been a problem in physical anthropology which has alluded complete understanding for a long time. A variety of experimental techniques has been used on laboratory animals, but knowledge gained has not always been applicable to humans because of unique features in human growth. This study will investigate a so- called natural experiment--the intentional binding of the cranial vault by various groups of American Indians--to determine whether intentional binding, which retards growth of the bound part, affects the growth of the other components of the skull. Although artificial cranial deformation has been studied in the past, conclusive answers to this question have not been forthcoming due in part to the use of inadequate measuring techniques. This study will utilize a relatively new analytical technique, finite element scaling, to measure and evaluate differences between deformed and non-deformed crania from the same skeletal series. The data obtained in this study will be important in evaluating various hypotheses about the relationships of the cranial components.