Phase Coherence and Dynamics in Microfabricated Superconductor Devices and Mesoscopic Structures

该建议包括三个项目，每个项目都研究微制造、多连接、薄膜结构中的相位相干效应，每个项目都需要灵敏的DC-SQUID磁测量或电位法来探测相位相干和相位动力学：1)宏观量子相位现象-研究多维系统中的宏观量子隧道，以测试量子力学对宏观物理系统的有效性和适用性。2)超导阵列中的相位相干和涡旋动力学--用扫描SQUID探测器测量阵列中的静态涡旋构型，用噪声和非平衡输运实验测量涡旋动态。3)介观器件中的相位相干性-测量持续电流，并在正常金属环、阵列和鱿鱼中进行屏蔽，以研究相位相干性和散射的作用。超导体和正常金属“纳米结构”中的相干性效应在高灵敏度探测器和其他电子器件的发展中都是重要的，以及研究凝聚态物理的基本原理。//

The proposal comprises three projects, each investigating phase- coherent effects in microfabricated, multiply connected, thin-film structures, each requiring sensitive dc-SQUID magnetometry or potentiometry to probe the phase coherence and phase dynamics: 1) Macroscopic quantum phase phenomena - a study of macroscopic quantum tunneling in multidimensional systems to test the validity and applicability of quantum mechanics to macroscop-ic physical systems. 2) Phase coherence and vortex dynamics in superconducting arrays - measurement of the static vortex config-uration in arrays by a scanning SQUID detector and vortex dynam-ics by noise and non- equilibrium transport experiments. 3) Phase coherence in mesoscopic devices - measurement of persistent currents and screening in normal-metal rings, arrays and SQUIDS to study the role of phase coherence and scattering. %%% Phase-coherence effects in superconductors and in normal-metal "nanostructures" are important both in the development of high- sensitivity detectors and other electronic devices, and in the study of the fundamentals of condensed-matter physics. //