Slag Foaming and Reactions

本计画将探讨焦炭与半焦在炼钢过程中控制炉渣发泡的效果。炉渣必须保持在足够的水平，以防止钢与大气过度反应，并为二次燃烧提供稳定的载体，但必须对从熔体排出的反应气体具有足够的渗透性，以避免爆炸。虽然在过去对泡沫产生和维持的理解主要是经验性的，但研究人员最近已经对炉渣的发泡特性的依赖性有了基本的理解，这些特性仅取决于炉渣的可测量性质。研究了渣饼和煤焦对泡沫的控制作用、气泡大小对泡沫化能力的影响以及与锰冶炼渣相关的泡沫渣。有效控制炉渣形成将提高美国钢铁工业的生产率、竞争力和安全性。它还可能使煤直接炼钢的发展成为可能，消除了焦炭生产的中间步骤。

This project will examine the effect of coke and char in controlling slag foaming in steelmaking. The slag must be maintained at a sufficient level to prevent excessive reaction of the steel with the atmosphere and to provide a stable vehicle for post combustion, but must be sufficiently permeable to reaction gases venting from the melt to avoid explosions. While understanding of foam production and maintenance has been largely empirical in the past, the investigators have recently developed fundamental understanding of the dependence of the foaming characteristics of the slag which depend only on the measurable properties of the slag. The effect of cake and coal char in controlling foaming, the effect of bubble size on foamability and the foamed slags relevant to managanese smelting slags will be investigated. Effective control of slag formation would improve the productivity, competitiveness and safety of the US steel industry. It may also make possible the development of direct steelmaking from coal, eliminating the intermediate step of coke production.