Flora of Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

目前正在为马来西亚北部婆罗洲沙巴州基纳巴卢山植物区系的所有维管植物开发可通过国际网络访问的Beaman分类数据库。标本数据库现在包括由PI检查过的20,000多个标本。基纳巴卢据说拥有世界上最丰富的植物群。这一观点得到了一个包含大约4500个物种的数据库的支持。大部分植物群都面临着即将被摧毁的威胁，但迄今为止，只有大约30%的植物群被PI及其合作者在枚举中记录下来。余下70%的植物群，约3150种，将会被列举出来。枚举将引用模式标本和同义词，描述每个物种的习性、栖息地和海拔分布，并列出已检查的标本。将为引用的集合提供索引。这些数据库将有助于保护濒危物种和极其丰富和独特的植物群落的国际努力。地理信息系统（GIS）将用于制作基纳巴卢山的地图，该地图记录了所有标本的收集地点，并显示了溪流、河流、其他地形和定居点的名称。卫星图像和全球定位系统（GPS）数据将使显示主要道路和次要道路的位置成为可能。这些图像还将用于解释超基性基质、植被类型、原生林和次生林以及与人类活动有关的植被的发生情况。地表模拟技术将用于根据已知类群出现地点的地形和地理特征，预测未开发地区的类群出现地点。本文将从超镁铁质与非超镁铁质分类群的系统发育关系出发，分析基纳巴卢山超镁铁质区与北卡罗来纳其他超镁铁质露头的生物地理关系。地理信息系统还将促进将分类学、民族植物学和植物化学数据库整合到基纳巴卢公园的活动中，并监测生态旅游开发和非法采伐活动等方面。基纳巴卢山是世界上最年轻的山脉之一，它的植物群包括大量密切相关的物种，这些物种似乎是新特有的。物种丰富的植物区系的主要原因似乎与特殊的土壤条件（超基性基质），频繁发生的干旱导致选择适应良好的基因型，以及由于陡峭的地形而导致基因流动有限的小型植物种群有关。三个属（石斛属，兰科；Elatostema，荨麻科；多花草属，毛茛科）将通过分支学和地理信息系统技术进行分析，以努力追踪可能经历最近物种形成的密切相关物种群的进化谱系，这可能与当地的地理和地形特征有关。Dendrochilum数据集将通过核18-26S rDNA ITS区域的序列分析获得。正在进行一项与植物区系清单密切相关的民族植物学调查，以确定当地独孙人如何对植物区系进行分类和利用。Dusun的合作者正在广泛收集他们社区的有用植物，并将民族植物学信息输入位于Kinabalu公园总部的计算机数据库。这个项目正在帮助研究人员和公园工作人员确定具有文化意义的植物资源，并发现哪些有用的物种最容易受到过度采伐或栖息地破坏的影响。此外，该调查还加强了公园与当地社区之间的联系，丰富了为每年20万公园游客服务的解说项目，并促进了对本地植物生存和商业价值的评估。该项目将作为两名马来西亚研究生博士论文的基础，其中一篇是植物学论文，关于基纳巴卢山目前一个勘探区域的植物区系和生态学，另一篇是应用地理信息系统方法研究山上的小型哺乳动物区系。两名美国研究生将准备关于植物区系生物地理学、进化与物种形成的博士论文。另一名美国学生的地理硕士论文将基于使用陆地卫星图像来确定似乎具有重大生物学意义的超基性基质的发生。

9400888 Beaman Taxonomic databases accessible by international networks are being developed for all vascular plants in the flora of Mount Kinabalu in the Malaysian state of Sabah in northern Borneo. The specimen database now includes more than 20,000 specimens that have been examined by the PI. Kinabalu has been said to have the richest flora in the world. This contention is supported by a database that includes some 4,500 species. Much of the flora is threatened with imminent destruction, but only about 30% of it has thus far been documented in enumerations by the PI and collaborators. An enumeration will be produced of the remaining 70% of the flora, about 3,150 species. The enumeration will cite type specimens and synonyms, characterize the habit, habitat and elevational distribution of each species, and list specimens examined. An index will be provided to collections cited. The databases will contribute to international efforts to preserve endangered species and exceptionally rich ad unique plant communities. A geographical information system (GIS) will be used to produce a map of Mount Kinabalu that documents locations where all specimens have been collected and shows the names of streams, rivers, other landforms, and settlements. Satellite imagery and global positioning system (GPS) data will make it possible to show the locations of major and minor roads. The imagery will also be used to interpret the occurrence of ultramafic substrates, vegetation types, primary and secondary forests and vegetation associated with human activites. Surface modeling techniques will be used to predict where taxa occur in unexplored areas, based on the topographic and edaphic characteristics of where they are known to occur. Biogeographic relationships among ultramafic areas on Mount Kinabalu and other ultramafic outcrops in Boreno will be analyzed in the context of phylogenetic relationships among ultramafic and non-ultramafic taxa. The GIS will also facilitate integrating taxonomic, ethno botanical and phytochemical databases into Kinabalu Park activities and monitoring aspects such as ecotourism development and illegal harvesting activities. Mount Kinabalu is one of the youngest mountains in the world, and its flora includes large numbers of closely related species that appear to be neo-endemics. A major reason for the species-rich flora appears related to special edaphic conditions (ultramafic substrates), frequently occurring droughts that result in selection of well-adapted genotypes, and small plant populations with limited gene flow because of the precipitous topography. Three genera (Dendrochilum, Orchidaceae; Elatostema, Urticacea; Polyosma, Grossulariaceae) will be analyzed by cladistic and GIS techniques in an effort to trace evolutionary lineages in groups of closely related species that may have undergone recent speciation, which may be correlated with local edaphic and topographic features. The Dendrochilum data set will be obtained from sequence analysis of the nuclear 18-26S rDNA ITS region. An ethnobotanical survey, closely linked to the floristic inventory, is being made to determine how the local Dusun people classify and use the flora. Dusun collaborators are making extensive collections of useful plants in their communities and are entering ethnobotanical information in a computerized database housed at Kinabalu Park headquarters. This project is helping researchers and Park personnel to identify culturally significant plant resources and to detect which useful species are most vulnerable to over-harvesting or habitat destruction. In addition, the survey is strengthening the link between the Park and local communities, enriching interpretive programs that serve the 200,000 annual visitors to the Park, and facilitating assessment of the subsistence and commercial value of native plants. The project will serve as a basis for Ph.D. dissertations by two Malaysian graduate students, one botanical and concerning the floristics and ecology of a presently une xplored region of Mount Kinabalu, the other applying GIS approaches to a study of the small mammal fauna of the mountain. Two American graduate students will prepare Ph.D. dissertation concerning biogeography, evolution, and speciation in the flora. Another American student will base his masters thesis in geography on the use of a Landsat image for determining occurrence of ultramafic substrates that appear to have great biological significance.