The Dynamics of Rural Industrialization: Comparative Studies of the Re-Organization of Work

9410580虽然新兴的农村工业化模式是一整套全球进程的一部分，部分特征是资本流动和工会力量的下降，但这些进程在不同的环境中以不同的方式经历。这项研究的目的是调查南非和马来西亚的土地改革和农村工业化进程，以确定在一个一体化的全球体系内当地和农村经济的共同点和不同路径。这项研究的基础是这样一个框架，即农村变革的特殊形式和轨迹(就部门和分配变化而言)取决于地方权力结构、体制安排以及资源获取和使用的类型。这些因素是在宏观经济和宏观政治结构和进程的具体背景下审查的。将使用民族志、纵向和比较分析方法，将这一框架应用于这两种环境下农村变化的条件和动力。南非和马来西亚都经历了最初的国家发展努力，以及最近计划外的工业权力下放到选定的农村地区，但它们之间的情况、机制、结果和对权力分配和发展的影响有很大差异。本研究将做出两个层面的贡献。在实践层面上，它将有助于为南非的政策辩论提供信息。鉴于世界银行牵头讨论了南非新政治体制下的土地改革和经济发展问题，南非的农村工业化问题具有特别重要的意义。在更多的理论和方法层面上，拟议的研究将有助于弥合“第一世界”和“第三世界”文学之间的差距以及关于工作的社会空间重组的辩论。

9410580 HART Although emerging patterns of rural industrialization are part of an integrated set of global processes, characterized in part by capital mobility and the declining power of labor unions, these processes are experienced in different ways in different settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the processes of agrarian reform and rural industrialization in South Africa and Malaysia to identify the commonalities and divergent paths of local, rural economies set within an integrating global system. This research rests on a framework in which the particular form and trajectory of rural transformation (in terms of sectoral and distributional change) hinge on local power structures, institutional arrangements, and types of resource access and use. These factors are examined within the specific context of macro-economic and macro-political structures and processes. Ethnographic, longitudinal, and comparative analysis methods will be used to apply this framework to the conditions and dynamics of rural change in the two settings. Both South Africa and Malaysia have experienced initial state development efforts and, more recently, unplanned industrial decentralization into selected rural areas, yet the circumstances, mechanisms, outcomes, and implications for the distribution of power and development vary substantially between them. This study will make two levels of contributions. At a practical level it will help to inform policy debates in South Africa. Questions of rural industrialization in South Africa assume particular significance in light of World Bank-led discussions of agrarian reform and economic development in the new South African political regime. At a more theoretical and methodological level, the proposed study will contribute to bridging the gap between "first world" and "third world" literature and debates on the socio-spatial reorganization of work.