Collaborative Research: Quantitative Hierarchical Models for Fossil and Recent Marine Assemblages

;​R o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o4 @ 7 8 9:；= ?Microsoft Word 6.0文档MSWordDoc。6;​最近对海洋化石组合的一些研究表明，它们在数百万年到数亿年的时间尺度上表现出一种停滞或持续的等级模式。其他研究似乎与此相矛盾，表明海洋组合的分类组成是开放的；也就是说，持久的海洋群落不存在。关于这些系统稳定性的两种观点都援引非生物扰动作为主要控制因素。任何用来解释这些模式的生态模型都必须考虑生境和生态系统在大范围空间尺度上的异质性分布、生境分布随时间的变化以及空间异质性对人口和群落动态的影响。此外，任何模型都必须考虑非生物扰动的严重程度和频率，这也可能发生在多个时空尺度上。幸运的是，在过去的十年里，景观生态学和超人口动力学的定性和定量研究有了巨大的增长，这些研究专门用于研究这些问题。本提案旨在资助古生物学家和景观生态学家之间的合作研究，以开发和利用多时空尺度上生态单元动态的定量模型。这个名为CAPS的模型将把元种群概念整合到为景观生态学开发的空间模型中，并研究生物动态尺度与干扰制度尺度之间的关系。CAPS将用于解决古生物学和生态学兴趣的几个问题：景观尺度上的细粒度、高频相互作用如何影响物种丰度和分布在超种群和生物地理尺度上的更广泛的特性？长途运输在多大程度上稳定了当地生物群落，使其免于因当地干扰而灭绝？给定扰动的影响是否取决于它的位置或时间？在产生观察到的群落结构模式中，干扰和生物相互作用的相对作用是什么？古生物学提供了全球变化对生物影响的唯一长期记录。因此，解释化石记录中观察到的群落组成的时空变化具有重要意义。在这个建议中发展的模型将极大地帮助解释这些数据。哦+ 0 $ H l y S u m m r I f n o r m t I o n ( 6D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL。DOT 9506639 Felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy @ r @ @ r @ Microsoft Word 6.0;e = e p p p p p p p C % ' ' ') p e p p p pp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p加德纳海洋化石组合的一些最新研究

; R o o t E n t r y F h C o m p O b j b W o r d D o c u m e n t O b j e c t P o o l h h 4 @ 7 8 9 : ; = ? @ A F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.6 ; 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assemblages suggest that they exhibit a hierarchical pattern of stasis or persistence on time scales ranging from millions to hundreds of millions of years. Other studies seemingly contradict this, suggesting that the taxonomic composition of marine assemblages are open; i.e., that persistent marine communities do not exist. Both views of the stability of these systems invoke abiotic perturbations as major controlling factors. Any ecological model invoked to explain these patterns must include a consideration of the heterogeneous distribution of habitats and ecosystems over a wide range of spatial scales, changes in habitat distribution over time, and the effect that spatial heterogeneity will have on population and community dynamics. In addition, any model must include a consideration of the severity and frequency of abiotic perturbations, which can also occur at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Fortunately, the last decade has seen a tremendous growth in qualitative and quantitative studies in landscape ecology and metapopuulation dynamics specifically designed to examine such problems. This proposal is designed to fund collaborative research between a paleontologist and a landscape ecologist, in order to develop and utilize a quantitative model for the dynamics of ecological units on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This model, CAPS, will integrate metapopulation concepts into the spatial models developed for landscape ecology and examine the relationship between the scales of biotic dynamics with those of disturbance regimes. CAPS will be used to address several problems of paleontological and ecological interest: How do fine-grained, high frequency interactions at the landscape scale affect broader scale properties of species abundance and distribution at metapopulation and biogeographic scales? To what extent does long distance transport stabilize local biotas against extinction due to local disturbances? Is the impact of a given disturbance contingent on its location or timing? What are the relative roles played by disturbance and biotic interactions in producing observed patterns of community structure? Paleontology provides the only long term record of the biotic impact of global change. As a result, the interpretation of spatial and temporal changes in community composition observed in the fossil record is of major importance. The model developed in this proposal will greatly aid in the interpretation of these data. Oh +' 0 $ H l S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( 6 D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT 9506639 Felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy @ r @ @ r @ Microsoft Word 6.0 2 ; e = e p p p p p p p C % ' ' ' ) P T e E p p p p p % p p p p % w 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assem