The Carbon Dioxide System in the Southern Ocean

9530384本研究项目是美国联合全球海洋通量研究(JGOFS)南大洋方案的一部分，目的是(1)更好地了解南大洋有机和无机碳的通量，(2)确定调节这些通量的大小和变化的物理、生态和生物地球化学因素和过程，以及(3)将这些通量置于当代全球碳循环的背景下。这项工作是在南大洋实验中合作的44个项目之一，该实验是南极极地锋区以南的一项为期三年的努力，目的是追踪碳通过有机和无机路径从空气-海洋界面通过整个水柱进入海底沉积物的流动。该实验将利用RVIB纳撒尼尔·B·帕尔默和R/V汤普森。众所周知，气态二氧化碳从大气到海洋的流量是由大气中二氧化碳分压的气海差控制的。在海洋中，溶解的二氧化碳与碳酸盐和重碳酸盐离子处于化学平衡状态。碳酸盐离子浓度控制着碳酸钙的溶解和沉淀速度，以及无机碳输送到沉积物中的速度。不太清楚的是，在一个生产和转化过程相当大的地区，这些无机关系是如何受到生物过程的影响的。这一部分涉及1996至1998年间对七个航次的碳酸盐体系的直接测量。这将包括沿巡航路线连续测量表层水中的总无机二氧化碳(TCO2)、气态二氧化碳分压(PCO2)和总碱度(TA)以及大气中的PCO2。将在一些台站制作海洋参数的补充深度剖面。这些测量将与接受支持参与实验的其他团体计划的碳相关测量合作进行。由此产生的碳基和营养物测量应提供必要的实地数据，这些数据将是研究二氧化碳通过海-气界面的通量以及初级生产力和植物材料氧化所造成的变化所必需的。***

9530384 Millero This research project is part of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Southern Ocean Program aimed at (1) a better understanding of the fluxes of carbon, both organic and inorganic, in the Southern Ocean, (2) identifying the physical, ecological and biogeochemical factors and processes which regulate the magnitude and variability of these fluxes, and (3) placing these fluxes into the context of the contemporary global carbon cycle. This work is one of forty-four projects that are collaborating in the Southern Ocean Experiment, a threeyear effort south of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone to track the flow of carbon through its organic and inorganic pathways from the air-ocean interface through the entire water column into the bottom sediment. The experiment will make use of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and the R/V Thompson. It is known that the flux of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the ocean is controlled by the airsea difference in the partial pressure of CO2. In the ocean the dissolved carbon dioxide is in chemical equilibrium with the carbonate and bicarbonate ions. The carbonate ion concentration controls the rate of dissolution and precipitation of calcium carbonate, and the rate at which inorganic carbon is delivered to the sediment. What is not known very well is how these inorganic relationships are affected by biological processes in a region where production and transformation processes are quite large. This component concerns the direct measurement of the carbonate system on seven cruises between 1996 and 1998. This will involve measuring total inorganic carbon dioxide (TCO2), the partial pressure of gaseous carbon dioxide (pCO2), and total alkalinity (TA) in the surface waters, as well as the pCO2 in atmosphere, continuously along the cruise tracks. Complementary depth profiles of the oceanic parameters will be made at some of the stations. These measurements will be made in cooperation with the carbon-related measurements planned by other groups that receive support to participate in the experiment. The resulting carbon-based and nutrient measurements should provide the necessary field data that will be required in examining the flux of carbon dioxide across the air-sea interface and the changes resulting from primary productivity and the oxidation of plant material. ***