Numerical Studies of Thunderstorms Electricity and Lightning--A Look at the Paradigm

Helsdon/摘要本研究的目的是研究雷电对雷电云中电荷分离过程的影响，主要是利用三维风暴带电模式。关于充电过程，我们计划单独研究对流假说，看看它是否能够在风暴中产生强烈的带电；根据最新的实验室发现，继续研究无感充电过程；研究冰雹/云水诱导机制，以确定其在风暴成熟阶段的带电过程中的重要性；以及研究几种机制，包括冰雹和过冷液态水的飞溅，以研究可能有利于正向云对地闪电的电荷结构的产生。我们还计划纳入带电水流星垂直和水平运动的电效应，以及详细的水流星电荷预算的计算。关于闪电方案，我们将为模拟的信道开发一种更随机的传播方式，包括由于信道本身而产生的电场。我们将继续研究终止标准，目的是解决信道对地传播的问题。最后，我们计划对多次放电进行模拟，以确定它们对风暴活动闪电阶段电荷重排的影响。

Helsdon/Abstract The objectives of this research are charge separation process in the influence of lightning on the electrical structure and development of thunderclouds, primarily using the 3D storm electrification model. With respect to charging processes we plan to examine the convective hypothesis, acting alone, to see if it is capable of producing strong electrification within storms; continue to investigate noninductive charging processes based on the most recent laboratory findings; look at the hail/cloud water inductive mechanism to determine its importance in the electrification during the mature stage of storms; and examine several mechanisms, including splashing of hail and supercooled liquid water, to investigate the production of charge structures that might favor positive cloud-to-ground lightning. We also plan to incorporate electrical effects on the vertical and horizontal motion of charged hydrometeors as well as the calculation of detailed hydrometeor charge budgets. With respect to the lightning scheme, we will develop a more randomized propagation for the simulated channel, incorporating the electric field due to the channel itself. We will continue to investigate the termination criterion, with the intent of solving the problem of channel propagation to ground. Finally, we plan to run simulations with multiple discharges to determine their influence on the charge rearrangement during the active lightning phase of storms.