Fingerprints of ice melting in geodetic GRACE and ocean modelling

这项建议的总体目标是改进格陵兰/南极洲冰盖和陆地冰川对当今海平面上升的贡献的量化。为此目的，格陵兰岛或南极洲均匀融化的指纹过去曾与潮汐计数据结合使用。我们将扩展以前的工作，以识别GRACE中更真实的融化模式和公海海面高度的指纹，并在我们的分析中包括水文、空间和地理位置变化对海平面的贡献。将进行陆地变形和大地水准面变化以及海洋表面地形响应冰盖融化的正演模拟。GRACE和海面高度测量的结合使用，从测高仪和潮汐仪，在一个逆方案将进行研究。估算了格陵兰和南极冰损失和陆地冰川质量失衡的个人贡献，包括我们解的误差方差/协方差。此外，水文、空间分布和地理信息局所引起的对海平面的贡献将在反演中进行调整。计算欧洲相对海平面的非均匀变化。我们对冰融化的最终估计是在评估和预测实验的基础上得出的。研究了海洋运输和经向翻转环流对额外淡水输入的响应。最后，我们将把我们的研究扩展到补充数据（重力测量，冰高测量），并评估未来观测系统的潜力。

The general aim of this proposal is to improve the quantification of the Greenland/Antarctica ice sheet and land glacier contributions to present-day sea level rise. For this purpose fingerprints of uniform melting of Greenland or Antarctica have been used in the past in conjunction with tide gauge data. We will extend previous work towards the identification of fingerprints of more realistic melting patterns in GRACE and sea surface height in the open ocean, and include hydrological, steric and GIA-induced contributions to sea level in our analysis. Forward modelling of land deformations and geoid change as well as ocean surface topography in response to melting ice sheets will be performed. The combined use of GRACE and sea surface height measurements, from Altimetry and tide gauges, in an inverse scheme will be investigated. Individual contributions for Greenland and Antarctic ice loss and land glacier mass imbalance are estimated including the error variance/co-variance of our solution. In addition, hydrological, steric and GIA-induced contributions to sea level will be adjusted within the inversion. The non-uniform change of relative sea level for Europe will be calculated. Our final estimates of ice melting form the basis of an assessment and prediction experiment. The response of ocean transports and meridional overturning circulation to the additional fresh water input will be examined. Finally, we will extend our investigations towards to complementary data (gravimetry, ice altimetry) and assess the potential of future observing systems.