The Role of Acoustic Behavioral Changes in Speciation

肖 9729325 通信信号通常变化很快，可以首先区分动物中密切相关的物种。 本研究探讨了夏威夷蟋蟀物种Laupala cerasina种群的历史关系，该物种表现出雄性歌唱行为和雌性声音吸引力的变化，这是两个重要的通信信号。 诸如此类的声音行为介导了蟋蟀雄性和雌性之间的生殖协调。 据推测，这些声音信号的变化是新物种形成的先决条件。 以前的研究表明，不同地理种群的L。角鼻瓢虫在雄鸟鸣叫和雌鸟鸣叫上存在显著差异，但在各自的群落中具有相似的鸣叫等级，属于同一物种。 初步数据还表明，这些不同的地理种群可以杂交。 这些观察结果导致的预测，不同地理种群的L。樱蛤是近亲 然而，从以前的工作与线粒体DNA序列，L。cerasina种群似乎是相对较远的关系。 来自其他基因的DNA序列将使这一矛盾得以解决。 本研究的目的是验证L.根据分类学的预测，cerasina是密切相关的，而不断变化的声音信号表明新物种正在形成。 为了解决这个问题，将从10个L. cerasina和几个密切相关的物种。 这将确定不同地理种群的L。在它们各自的群落中表现出相似的声学等级的角孢藻代表了共同历史的产物或其他过程相似性的突出例子。 更好地了解生物世界中形式、行为和功能的惊人多样性，对于预测这种多样性在稳定的生态系统、保护工作和人类福祉中的重要性至关重要。 在理解动物和植物的发育和行为多样性方面已经取得了巨大的进步。 但这个过程是如何开始的呢？ 我们对新物种如何以及为何出现知之甚少。 动物求偶过程中通讯信号的有效性是种群内部和种群之间基因持续流动的先决条件。 通信信号迅速发生变化的假设正在得到越来越多的支持;这种变化可能为随之而来的显著多样化提供早期催化剂。 恢复一个通信信号正在积极变化的系统是罕见的，也许是因为这个过程发生得太快了。 在通信信号不同的组成种群（如Laupala cerasina）之间建立历史关系是关键的第一步。

Shaw 9729325 Communication signals often change quickly and can be the first to distinguish closely related species in animals. This study examines the historical relationships of populations of Laupala cerasina, a Hawaiian cricket species that shows variation in male singing behavior and female acoustic attraction, two important communication signals. Acoustic behaviors such as these mediate reproductive coordination between males and females in crickets. It is hypothesized that these changes in acoustic signals are a prerequisite to the formation of new species. Prior investigations have suggested that different geographic populations of L. cerasina differ significantly in male song and in female acoustic preference but nonetheless share a similar acoustic rank in their respective communities and are members of the same species. Preliminary data also suggests that these different geographic populations can interbreed. These observations lead to the prediction that the different geographic populations of L. cerasina are closely related. However, from previous work with mtDNA sequences, L. cerasina populations appear to be relatively distantly related. DNA sequences from additional genes will allow this contradiction to be resolved. The goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that populations of L. cerasina are closely related as predicted by the taxonomy, and that changing acoustic signals indicate that new species are in the process of forming. To address this question, nuclear DNA sequences will be collected from one gene from each of 10 populations of L. cerasina and several closely related species. This will ascertain whether the different geographic populations of L. cerasina exhibiting a similar acoustic rank in their respective communities represent products of a common history or a striking example of similarity by other processes. A better understanding of the striking diversity of form, behavior and function in the biological world is vital for projecting the importance of that diversity in stable ecosystems, conservation efforts and human welfare. Tremendous strides have been made toward an understanding of developmental and behavioral diversity in animals and plants. But how does the process begin? We know relatively little about how and why new species arise. The efficacy of communication signaling in animal courtship is a prerequisite to the continued flow of genes within and between populations. The hypothesis that changes in communication signals occur rapidly is gaining support; such changes may provide the early catalyst for the remarkable diversification that follows. Recovering a system where communication signals are actively changing is rare, perhaps because this process occurs so rapidly. Establishing the historical relationships among the component populations that differ in communication signals (such as Laupala cerasina) is a critical first step.