Dissertation Research: Trade and Settlement Patterns in Morocco

在Charles Redman博士的指导下，Said Ennahid先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将结合联合收割机的文本和实地研究，重建北方摩洛哥，在中世纪时期（公元9 - 14世纪）的定居模式。他将专注于从丹吉尔到非斯的贸易路线，其南部延伸通过撒哈拉沙漠延伸到西非。他将使用Landstat和地形图对选定的区域进行调查，确定所有遗址的位置，绘制它们的位置，然后收集陶瓷和其他文化材料的表面。后者允许集合被分配到特定的时间段，并提供有关网站功能的信息。这些遗址本身将在直接的环境和更大的区域背景下进行分析。由于这一地区和时期有大量的书面资料，档案研究将补充实地调查。 这项工作的目标是确定定居模式如何随着时间的推移而变化。在中世纪时期，该地区由连续的王朝统治，经济经历了重大重组。最初，它是以“主食”为基础的-财富是通过对当地农业生产征税产生的-据推测，大小城镇和行政中心的选址都是为了促进这一目标。然而，随着跨撒哈拉贸易的发展，这一制度发生了变化。原产于西非的黄金、象牙和其他商品用大篷车经摩洛哥运往北方，然后继续运往欧洲。在这种制度下，财富不是通过控制斯台普斯，而是通过控制这种利润丰厚的贸易来产生的。考古学家推测，这种经济重组也导致了定居模式的重大变化。恩纳希德先生将通过实地和档案研究，试图确定这是否正确。 为了了解国家和帝国是如何运作的，考古学家广泛使用了定居模式数据。对于早期阶段，没有任何选择，因为没有书面记录。这些信息虽然往往很多，但往往很难解释。中世纪的摩洛哥为考古学方法的完善提供了一个极好的受控环境。由于缺乏地面覆盖物，很容易定位和绘制地图。一个发达的陶瓷年表可以很容易地确定年代。由于对经济体系的洞察可以通过书面文件独立获得，因此可以确定定居和经济学之间的关系。因此，该项目将在方法和实质性方面作出贡献。它还将协助培养一名有前途的青年科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Redman, Mr. Said Ennahid will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will combine textual and field research to reconstruct settlement patterns in Northern Morocco, during the medieval period (9th - 14th centuries AD).He will focus on a trade route which ran from Tangier to Fes, the southern extension of which extended through the Sahara Desert into West Africa. Using both Landstat and topographic maps he will survey selected areas, locate all sites, plot their positions and then make surface collections of ceramics and other cultural materials. These latter permit the assemblage to be assigned to specific time period and also provide information about site function. The sites themselves will be analyzed in both an immediate environmental and larger regional context. Because extensive written information is available for this region and time period, archival research will supplement the field survey. The goal of this work is to determine how settlement pattern changed over time. During the medieval period the region was governed by successive dynasties and the economy underwent major reorganization. Originally it was `staple based` - wealth was generated through taxation on local agricultural production - and it is hypothesized that both major and minor towns and administrative centers were located to facilitate this goal. This system however shifted with the development of the trans-Saharan trade. Gold, ivory and other goods which originated in West Africa were carried North through Morocco in caravans and then sent onwards, often to Europe. Wealth, under this system, was generated not through control of staples but rather control of this lucrative trade. Archaeologists have postulated that this economic reorganization also resulted in a major change in settlement pattern. Through his field and archival research, Mr. Ennahid will attempt to determine whether this is correct. To understand how states and empires function, archaeologists make extensive use of settlement pattern data. For early time periods no option is available because written records are absent. Such information, although often plentiful, is often very difficult to interpret. Medieval Morocco offers an excellent controlled situation for the refinement of archaeological methodology. Given the lack of ground cover sites are easy to locate and map. A well developed ceramic chronology allows easy dating. Because insight into the economic system can be gained independently through written documents, it is then possible to determine how settlement and economics relate. Thus the project will make a methodological as well as substantive contribution. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.