Doctoral Dissertation Research: Political and Social Organization During the Early Horizon, Casma Valley, Peru

在Richard Burger博士的指导下，Ivan Ghezzi先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在位于秘鲁北部海岸卡斯马河谷下游的圣地牙哥遗址进行考古发掘。该遗址本身可以追溯到公元前800 - 200年的早期地平线时期，由一系列由房间、走廊、庭院和低平台丘组成的相互连接的建筑组成。这些建筑群围绕着面积达8公顷的大型广场。由于干燥的沙漠条件保存有机遗骸，罕见的在大多数考古遗址，是极好的。作业层较薄且相对靠近地表，因此可以快速挖掘大面积。盖齐先生将利用这一事实来展示住宅结构及其周围的空间。在两个季节的实地考察过程中，他将在国内单位和垃圾沉积物中进行系统的分层抽样，以阐明社会经济变化的基本模式。根据所收集的材料，将有可能提供圣地亚哥社区的代表性情况，并审查国内单位之间存在的财富等级差别的程度。秘鲁的早期地平线以其风格的地平线的出现为标志，这种风格在北部高地地区最为强烈，但在秘鲁的大部分地区都有蔓延。它被称为“查文”，目前还不清楚它到底代表什么。考虑到一系列后来的帝国在同一地区的大部分地区短暂联合，考古学家倾向于在同样的背景下解释“查文”，并将其视为秘鲁的第一个帝国。然而，查文材料的分布是参差不齐的，也不清楚实际发生的社会和政治一体化的程度。盖齐先生将研究这个问题。圣地亚哥位于外面，但离查文的中心地带不远，初步调查表明查文的影响相对较小。通过对该遗址的分析，应该可以确定它是否表现出一个独立的等级体系，或者它是否最好被理解为查文外围欠发达的一部分。这项研究将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger, Mr. Ivan Ghezzi will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavations at the site of San Diego, located in the lower Casma Valley on the northern coast of Peru. The site itself dates to the Early Horizon period, from ca. 800 - 200 BC and consists of a series of interconnected architectural compounds made up by rooms, corridors, courtyards and low platform mounds. These compounds are arranged around large plazas up to eight hectares in size. Because of the dry desertic conditions preservation of organic remains, rare in most archaeological sites, is excellent. Occupational layers are thin and relatively near the surface and thus it is possible to excavate broad areas quickly. Mr. Ghezzi will take advantage of this fact to expose domestic structures and the space around them. Over the course of two seasons of fieldwork he will conduct a systematic stratified sampling in domestic units and refuse deposits to elucidate the basic patterns of socioeconomic variability. On the basis of materials collected it will be possible to provide a representative picture of the community at San Diego and to examine the extent to which hierarchical differentiation in wealth between domestic units is present. The Early Horizon in Peru is marked by the appearance of a stylistic horizon which appears strongest in the Northern Highland area yet spreads across much of Peru. Termed `Chavin` it is unclear what it actually represents. Given that a series of later empires united, for temporary periods of time, much of this same area, archaeologists tend to interpret `Chavin` in this same context and view it as the first of Peru's empires. However the distribution of Chavin materials is spotty and it is unclear the extent of actual social and political integration which took place. Mr. Ghezzi will examine this question. San Diego is located outside, yet not far from the Chavin heartland and preliminary survey indicates relatively little Chavin influence. Through an analysis of the site it should be possible to determine whether it exhibits an independent hierarchical system or whether it is best understood as an under-developed part of a Chavin periphery. The research will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and assist in training a promising young scientist.