Alternative Globalization: Community and Conflict in New Cultural of Finance

这家美国第二大肯德基连锁店是根据伊斯兰银行原则经营的，该原则禁止利息，并用损益分担安排取代债务融资。伊萨卡和美国国内外其他小镇的社区积极分子正在印制自己的钞票，并以社区价值观和环境可持续发展的名义建立替代经济安排。越来越多的加勒比国家正在放弃农业和旅游业发展，转而成为避税天堂。这些看似无关的事件是否反映了一个共同的过程？它们揭示了与货币和金融一体化的新地理位置同时发生的当代经济、社会和政治生活中的变化，这些变化通常被贴上全套术语“全球化”的标签？这项研究的重点是那些参与运动的人，这些运动的金融一体化愿景为全球化的主流叙事提供了替代：伊斯兰银行、离岸金融和替代货币系统。虽然这些人所处的位置不同，但他们的视野都是同一主题的不同。在每一种情况下，围绕货币和另类金融的持续讨论都强调社区的排他性概念和司法自治的准法律概念。“共同体”问题和“管辖权”问题以一种生产性的紧张状态存在，因为这些新的金融文化既包含共同体和联系，又在自身周围强制实施尖锐的管辖权边界。与此同时，每个案件都渴望扩大全球影响，传播其原则和做法，以确保合法性，并对一些涉案人员来说，使世界变得更好。这项研究考察了这些明显不同的应对“全球化”的替代战略之间的共鸣，以更好地理解新金融文化中不断变化的管辖权、社区和冲突的性质。具体地说，它试图回答这样的问题：(1)在另类全球化中，金钱、财产和人的概念是隐含的和明确的？(2)在另类全球化中，时间和空间的概念是什么？它们如何在金融实践中发挥作用？(3)这些概念如何在社区和历史的建设中发挥作用？田野调查将在南加州、伊萨卡、纽约、印度尼西亚泗水和英属维尔京群岛进行。将在每个地点对选定的人群(例如，相关金融机构的创始成员和工作人员、律师、商人、立法者和宗教领袖)进行开放式、半结构化的访谈。

The second-largest Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise in the United States runs according to Islamic banking principles, which prohibits interest and replace debt-financing with profit-loss sharing arrangements. Community activists in Ithaca and other small towns across America and abroad are printing their own money and establishing alternative economic arrangements in the name of community values and environmental sustainability. More and more Caribbean countries are abandoning agriculture and tourism development in favor of becoming tax havens. Do these seemingly unrelated events reflect a common process? What do they reveal about contemporary shifts in economic, social and political life co-occurring with the new geographies of money and financial integration generally labeled under the blanket-term "globalization?"This research focuses on people participating in movements whose visions of financial integration provide alternatives to dominant narratives of globalization: Islamic banking, offshore finance, and alternative currency systems. Although these people are differently situated, their visions are all variations on a theme. In each case, on-going discussions around money and alternative finance emphasize exclusionary notions of community and quasi-legal concepts of jurisdictional autonomy. The problem of "community" and the problem of "jurisdiction" exist in a productive tension, since these new cultures of finance embrace community and connection while enforcing sharp jurisdictional boundaries around themselves. At the same time, each case aspires to more global reach, disseminating its principles and practices in order to secure legitimacy and, for some involved, to change the world for the better. This research examines resonances among these apparently disparate alternative strategies of dealing with "globalization" to better understand the changing nature of jurisdiction, community and conflict in new cultures of finance. Specifically it seeks to answer questions such as: (1) What conceptions of money, property and person are implicit and explicit in alternative globalizations? (2) What conceptions of time and space figure in alternative globalizations and how are they put into play in the practice of finance?, and (3) How are these put into play in the construction of community and history?Fieldwork will be conducted in southern California, Ithaca, New York, Surabaya, Indonesia, and the British Virgin Islands. Open-ended, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with select groups of people (e.g., founding members and staff of relevant financial institutions, lawyers, businesspeople, legislators, and religious leaders) at each location.