US-Tanzania Dissertation Enhancement: Viewing Stonetowns from the Countryside: An Archaeological Approach to Swahili Urban Systems

9906345拉维奥莱特这篇论文的增强补助金支持美国研究生，杰弗里·弗勒芒先生，在弗吉尼亚大学人类学系教授阿德里亚·拉维奥莱特的指导下工作，在坦桑尼亚的奔巴岛的三个地区进行考古调查，收集信息，为斯瓦希里石镇的城市化过程的区域方法的发展。在公元9世纪到15世纪，许多东非斯瓦希里沿海的小村庄发展成为拥有石头建筑的大规模城镇，随着印度洋贸易体系中穆斯林商人的商业活动增加，这些石头城镇发展成为商业中心。 周边定居点的农产品和工艺品在这些城市中心进行交易，但人们对周边定居点在石头城发展中的作用知之甚少。 传统的城市化模式将城市中心确定为政治和经济活动的集中点，并定义了这些中心相对于周围农村社区的功能而言更重要的功能。 与这些传统的模式相反，Flehman先生假设，斯瓦希里石镇周围的较小定居点在该地区的城市发展过程中发挥了同样重要的作用。 他会在多个乡郊聚落地点进行考古调查及试掘，以搜集有关当地及区域聚落及发展模式的资料。 将对所得到的信息进行分析，以确定：1）在世界其他地区发展起来的传统城市化模式是否适用于该地区，以及2）石头城镇及其周围定居点之间存在何种类型的系统关系。 达累斯萨拉姆大学历史系的Bertram Mapunda博士和H。H.桑给巴尔档案馆、博物馆和文物部主任奥马尔将就这一项目向弗勒芒先生提供指导。 预计这些成果将增加目前对撒哈拉以南非洲城市系统和斯瓦希里社会发展的了解。 该项目还将在优秀研究生的职业生涯早期提供国际研究经验。 该项目由国际方案司和行为和认知科学司共同资助。

9906345LaVioletteThis dissertation enhancement grant supports a US graduate student, Mr. Jeffrey Fleisher, working under the guidance of Professor Adria LaViolette, of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Virginia, to conduct an archaeological survey in three regions of Pemba Island, Tanzania, to collect information for the development of a regional approach to the urbanization process of Swahili stonetowns. During the ninth to the fifteenth centuries AD many small East African Swahili coastal villages grew into large-scale towns with stone architecture and, as commercial activities with Muslin merchants in the Indian Ocean trade system increased, these stonetowns developed into commercial centers. Agricultural products and craft items from surrounding settlements were traded at these urban centers, but little is known about the role that the surrounding settlements had in the development of the stonetowns. Traditional models of urbanism identify the urban center as the centralized point for political and economic activities, and they also define the more important functions that these centers had in relation to the functions of the surrounding countryside communities. Contrary to these traditional models, Mr. Fleisher hypothesizes that the smaller settlements surrounding the Swahili stonetowns played an equally important role in the process of the region's urban development. He will conduct an archaeological survey and perform test excavations at a number of countryside settlement sites to gather data on their local and regional settlement and development patterns. The resulting information will be analyzed to determine: 1) if the traditional models of urbanism, which were developed in other parts of the world, are applicable for this region, and 2) what type of systematic relationship existed between the stonetowns and their surrounding settlements. Dr. Bertram Mapunda, of the Department of History at the University of Dar es Salaam, and Mr. H. H. Omar, Director of the Zanzibar Department of Archives, Museums and Antiquities, will provide guidance on this project to Mr. Fleisher. The results are expected to increase the current knowledge about Subsaharan Africa urban systems and the development of Swahili society. This project will also support an international research experience very early in the career of an outstanding graduate student. This project is being jointly funded by the Division of International Programs and the Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences.