Laboratory Exercises for Cognitive Science and Psychology

心理学-认知（73）在本科课程中，对认知、大脑和行为相关问题的兴趣激增。认知科学的新课程正在引入，而神经生物学和心理学的标准课程正在注入认知科学的材料。当学生积极参与主题时，学习是最有效的。因此，心理学教科书传统上使用视觉错觉来激发兴趣。尽管这些示范令人信服，但它们是静态的，范围必然有限。理想情况下，学生不仅会体验错觉，而且会积极进行实验，测试视觉以外的方式，并体验认知科学各个领域的材料。一般来说，为大型讲座课程（如心理学入门、神经生物学入门或新兴的认知科学课程）提供成熟的实验室是不切实际的。然而，这类课程通常有讨论部分，通过实验和互动演示来丰富内容。本项目通过开发实验和演示光盘来满足这些需要，学生可以在自己的计算机上使用，教师也可以使用投影设备。计算机现在是心理学研究实验室的标准工具，也可以类似地用于教学。尽管互联网上散布着许多关于错觉的好例子，但它们都偏重于视觉，往往缺乏解释，而且只会让人成为被动的观察者。这张光盘走得更远，使用互动的实验以及示范。此外，它超越了视觉，涵盖了听觉，超越了感知，让学生在认知科学的所有领域复制经典实验。该光盘涵盖了几个广泛的领域，包括视觉，听觉，语言，学习和记忆，注意力，认知和实际应用。有几个模块专门用于每个广泛的领域。每个单元一般包括：（1）尽可能从真实的世界中提取现象的演示;（2）分离出显著特征的演示;（3）量化现象的自我实验;以及（4）激发学生形成假设并使用CD-ROM进行验证的问题。大多数单元适合所有级别的学生，入门的学生只是观看演示，高级的学生做实验并验证他们自己的假设。在所有各级，这种方法都是开放的和探索性的，而不是严格的说教。康奈尔大学心理学和认知研究项目系的教师是这些领域的活跃研究人员，可以帮助我们选择教科书中尚未涵盖的适当主题和最近的实验。来自康奈尔大学和其他地方的教师也积极评价光盘在其发展过程中，无论是从他们的研究专业知识和测试测试版在他们的教室。与各学院和大学教员的初步接触表明，他们对这一材料很感兴趣。此外，几家出版商对这一项目表示了兴趣，从而确定了在全国范围内进行传播的可能性。

Psychology - Cognitive (73) There has been an explosion of interest in matters relating cognition, brain, and behavior in the undergraduate curriculum. New courses in cognitive science are being introduced, while standard courses in neurobiology and psychology are being infused with material from cognitive science. Learning is most effective when students actively engage the subject. Thus psychology textbooks have traditionally used visual illusions to stimulate interest. Although compelling, such demonstrations are static and necessarily limited in scope. Ideally, students would not only experience illusions, but actively perform experiments, test modalities other than vision, and experience material from all areas of cognitive science. In general, it is not practical to provide full-fledged laboratories for large lecture courses such as introductory psychology, introductory neurobiology, or the emerging cognitive science courses. However, such courses often have discussion sections that would be enriched by experiments and interactive demonstrations. This project addresses these needs by development of a CD-ROM of experiments and demonstrations that can be used by students at their own computers or by instructors with projection equipment. Computers are now standard tools in the psychology research lab, and can be similarly used in teaching. Although many fine examples of illusions are scattered across the internet, they are heavily weighted toward vision, often lack explanation, and engage one only as a passive observer. This CD-ROM goes much further, using interactivity for experiments as well as demonstrations. Furthermore, it goes beyond vision to cover hearing, and beyond perception to allow students to replicate classic experiments in all areas of cognitive science. The CD-ROM covers several broad areas, including vision, hearing, language, learning and memory, attention, cognition, and practical applications. There are several modules devoted to each broad area. Each module generally includes (1) a demonstration of the phenomenon, taken from the real world where possible, (2) a demonstration with the salient features isolated, (3) a self-experiment to quantify the phenomenon, and (4) questions that stimulate students to form hypotheses and test them using the CD-ROM. Most modules are suitable for students at all levels, with introductory students simply viewing the demonstrations, and advanced students doing experiments and testing their own hypotheses. At all levels, the approach is open-ended and exploratory rather than strictly didactic. Faculty from Cornell's Department of Psychology and Cognitive Studies Program are active researchers in these fields and are available to assist us in choosing appropriate topics and recent experiments that are not yet covered in textbooks. Faculty from Cornell and elsewhere are also active in evaluating the CD-ROM during its development, both from their research expertise and by testing beta versions in their classrooms. Preliminary contacts with faculty from a variety of colleges and universities indicate considerable interest in this material. In addition, several publishers have shown interest in this project, making nationwide dissemination certain.