Case Studies and Tsunami Community Model for Underwater Landslide Tsunamis

本世纪，水下山体滑坡引发了几次海拔至少30米的局部海啸--最近一次是1992年发生在印度尼西亚弗洛雷斯岛的海啸。此外，这些事件通常发生在靠近海岸的地方，几乎没有时间发出警告，可能会对附近的沿海发展造成毁灭性的影响。水下滑坡往往对当地造成最大的海啸危害，由水下滑坡产生的海啸至少受6个基本参数控制，这些参数是滑坡几何和运动学的函数。此外，波浪、岸线和滑坡之间可能发生非线性相互作用。因此，预测滑坡海啸的幅度需要复杂的数值方法。PI基于边界元方法(BEM)开发了一个准确而有效的海啸发生过程中无粘无旋流体动力学模型。“海啸开放和渐进初始条件系统”(TOPICS)是一个三维(3D)版本，它是一个分析工具，可以提供对海啸特征和初始条件的估计。源代码免费分发给学术、非营利组织和政府研究人员，以促进海啸社区内的海啸危险评估(参见：www.sunamicomomity.org)。这一行动是为了支持研究，以完善滑坡形状、运动和变形对海啸生成的影响，描述海啸生成过程中的三维影响，耦合海啸生成和传播模型，通过实验和实际案例研究验证这些数值方法，并为海啸社区产生更准确的主题版本。其基本目标是预测准确的海啸震源特征。

Underwater landslides have generated several local tsunamis reaching at least 30 meters in elevation this century -- most recently on Flores Island, Indonesia in 1992. In addition, these events typically occur close to shore and offer very little time for warning, and can be devastating to nearby coastal development. Underwater landslides often pose the greatest local tsunami hazard.Tsunamis generated by underwater landslides are governed by at least six fundamental parameters, which are functions of landslide geometry and kinematics. In addition, nonlinear interactions may occur between waves, shoreline, and landslide. Consequently, predicting landslide tsunami amplitudes requires sophisticated numerical methods.The PIs have developed an accurate and efficient model of inviscid, irrotational, fluid dynamics during tsunami generation, based on a Boundary Element Method (BEM). A three-dimensional (3D) version, the ''Tsunami Open and Progressive Initial Conditions System'' (TOPICS) is an analytical tool that provides estimates of tsunami features and initial conditions. The source code is distributed freely to academic, nonprofit, and government researchers, in order to facilitate tsunami hazard assessment within the tsunami community (see: www.tsunamicommunity.org).This action is to support research to refine the effects of landslide shape, motion, and deformation, on tsunami generation, describing three-dimensional effects during tsunami generation, coupling tsunami generation and propagation models, validating these numerical methods with experiments and actual case studies, and producing more accurate versions of TOPICS for the tsunami community. The fundamental goal is to predict accurate tsunami source features.