Observations of the Earthquake Cycle from European Space Agency (ERS) and Advance Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR)

合成孔径雷达干涉测量（干涉合成孔径雷达）是一种相对较新的工具，用于监测与地震、火山和地下水沉降有关的地球表面变形。 稀疏的全球定位系统接收器网络提供了有限点上的精确地面运动，而天基干涉合成孔径雷达技术提供了更高的空间分辨率（~100米）和全球访问，但时间分辨率较差。 欧洲航天局（ERS-1和ERS-2）以及日本航天局（JERS-1和ALOS - 2003发射日期）都发射过合适的民用搜索和救援卫星。 这些数据在很大程度上是未开发的，是巨大的价值，为评估地震风险在南加州。 研究人员将利用这些数据来监测同震、震后和震间的地壳变形。 已公布的地震周期模型预测，大部分诊断性地壳应变发生在断层带10公里范围内，因此，相对粗略分布的全球定位系统标志物（间隔10公里）无法观测到这种应变。 拟议的任务包括：开发高分辨率地形模型，以便从变化干涉图中准确去除地形相位;估计1999年赫克托矿断裂的滑动深度分布;检查与地震周期模型有关的兰德斯和赫克托矿断裂的震后滑动;监测南加州主要断层沿着蠕变速率和蠕变深度;开发南加州断层系统的边界元模型;以及为日本ALOS使命收集的L波段合成孔径雷达数据做准备。

Sandwell 0105896 Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is a relatively new tool for monitoring deformations of the surface of the earth associated with earthquakes, volcanoes, and groundwater subsidence. Sparse networks of GPS receivers provide accurate ground motions over a limited number of points while the space-based InSAR technique provides higher spatial resolution (~100 m) and global access but poor temporal resolution. Suitable civilian SAR satellites have been flown by the European Space Agency (ERS-1 and ERS-2) as well as by the Japanese Space agency (JERS-1 and ALOS - 2003 launch date). These data are largely unexplored and are of enormous value for assessing the earthquake risk in Southern California. The investigators will use these data to monitor co-seismic, post-seismic, and inter-seismic crustal deformation. Published models of the earthquake cycle predict that much of the diagnostic crustal strain occurs within 10 km of the fault zone and thus it will not be observed by the relatively coarse distribution of GPS monuments ( 10 km spacing). The proposed tasks include: development of high-resolution topographic models for accurate removal of topographic phase from change interferograms; estimation of the depth distribution of slip on the 1999 Hector Mine rupture; examination of post-seismic slip at the Landers and Hector Mine ruptures in relation to the earthquake cycle models; monitoring creep rate and creep depth along major faults in Southern California; development of a boundary-element model of the Southern California fault system; and preparation for L-band SAR data to be collected by the Japanese ALOS mission.