ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State Quantum Information Processing

EIA-0121568Kwait，Paul GUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignITR/SY：Foundations of Solid-State Quantum Information Processing 量子信息处理（QIP）处于革命性计算研究的最前沿，有望为计算和通信带来全新的力量，例如，无条件安全的量子密码学和量子逻辑，在某些计算问题上大大提高了速度。该项目解决了一个关键问题，即如何实现一个能够满足构建量子计算机的两个最具挑战性的要求的物理系统-可扩展性，大量量子比特（“量子比特”）的制造和耦合，以及量子相干性，控制噪声和外部耦合效应，以便精致脆弱的量子力学电路不会受到不必要的影响。 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的一个跨学科研究小组正在探索一系列基于磁矩操纵和测量的固态系统，以执行量子逻辑运算。通过研究整个范围，从单个自旋到小的自旋簇（量子点），再到超导体中的大电流回路，他们试图评估不同技术的相对优点，并确定磁性系统作为量子比特的物理尺寸限制。最终目标是物理实现一个小系统来执行量子逻辑运算。一个关键组成部分是通过涉及本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员的高度互动的计划，研究和教育的整合。 该项目通过提供对所涉问题的普遍认识和培训一批有经验的研究人员，为快速启动方案等爆炸性新领域发挥了至关重要的作用。

EIA-0121568Kwait, Paul GUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State Quantum Information Processing Quantum Information Processing (QIP) lies at the forefront of revolutionary computing research, promising radically new powers to computation and communication, e.g., unconditionally secure quantum cryptography and quantum logic for greatly enhanced speed on certain computational problems. This project addresses the critical question of how to achieve a physical system capable of meeting the two most challenging requirements for building a quantum computer -- scalability, the fabrication and coupling of a large number of quantum bits ("qubits"), and quantum coherence, the control of noise and external coupling effects so that the exquisitely fragile quantum mechanical circuits will not be perturbed by unwanted influences. An interdisciplinary research team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is exploring a wide range of solid state systems based on the manipulation and measurement of magnetic moments to perform quantum logic operations. By studying the full range, from single spins to small clusters of spins (in quantum dots), to large current loops in superconductors, they are attempting to assess the relative merit of different techniques, and determine the physical size limits for magnetic systems acting as qubits. The ultimate goal is the physical realization of a small system for performing quantum logic operations. A key component is the integration of research and education via a highly interactive program involving undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral investigators. This project is providing a crucial role for an explosive new field such as QIP, by providing general awareness of the issues involved and by training a pool of experienced researchers.