CAREER: Improved Knowledge on Precipitation Microphysics for Advancing Radar Rainfall Estimation and Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting.

0132942如果没有可靠的降水信息，我们对水文环境变化的预测和应对能力就无法得到适当的解决。提出的研究旨在探讨以下问题：当前使用的单极化雷达(如WSR-88D)在降雨估计中的定量局限性和不确定性，以及X波段极化测量在不同空间和时间尺度下与现有S波段系统相比有哪些优缺点？这些问题将根据与暖季对流风暴和冬季降水系统有关的多仪器专门实地活动进行调查。这项研究包括参与两个实地项目(即Wallops Area冷季项目(WACP)和国际H2O项目(IHOP))，方法是部署移动X波段偏振雷达和二维(2D)视频视盘测量仪，并与带入该领域的其他研究仪器协调。从实验中获得的多个传感器的降雨观测的协同作用将是支持拟议的与不同雷达系统(即X波段与S波段以及单极化与双极化测量)相关的降水微物理和降雨估计(和验证)的研究的基本构件。这项研究的成功完成可能提供令人信服的证据，证明X波段偏振测量相对于可操作的遥感系统在支持当地洪水预报方面的优势。这一新的遥感工具如果被证明是可靠的，将是监测偏远盆地和城市地区的一个有吸引力且经济实惠的解决方案，这些地区没有得到国家雷达网的充分覆盖，而且容易发生山洪暴发。

0132942AnagnostouOur understanding and ability to predict and respond to changes in the hydrologic environment cannot be properly addressed in the absence of reliable precipitation information. Proposed research aims at investigating the following questions: What are the quantitative limitations and uncertainty of current operational single polarization radar (e.g., WSR-88D) in rainfall estimation, and what are the advantages/disadvantages of X-band polarimetric measurements over current S-band systems for various space and time scales? Those questions will be investigated based on multi-instrument specialized field campaigns associated with warm season convective storms and winter precipitation systems. This research includes participation in two field projects (i.e., Wallops Area Cold season Project, WACP, and the International H2O Project, IHOP) by deploying mobile X-band polarimetric radar and a two-dimensional (2D) video disdrometer in coordination with the other research instruments brought into the field. The synergy of rainfall observations from multiple sensors available from the experiments will be the fundamental building block to support the proposed investigations on precipitation microphysics and rainfall estimation (and validation) associated with different radar systems (i.e., X-band vs. S-band and single vs. dual polarization measurements). Successful completion of the research may provide compelling evidence of the advantages of X-band polarimetric measurements against operational remote sensing systems for support of local flood forecasting. This new remote sensing tool, if proven reliable, would be an attractive and economically affordable solution to the problem of monitoring remote basins and urban areas that are poorly covered by the National radar network, and are prone to flash flooding.