CAREER: Physical Modeling for Geotechnical Engineering Research and Education

摘要：地震引发的滑坡破坏了许多结构、道路和公用设施。研究人员已经确定了地震诱发边坡变形的三种机制：(1)沿局部剪切面滑动位移；(2)非饱和材料致密化引起的变形，称为地震压缩；(3)边坡高应力区域塑性应变积累引起的分布变形，称为循环应变。虽然研究人员已经研究了许多与滑动位移相关的问题，但很少有人致力于理解和开发用于计算边坡中分布变形的大小和位置的分析程序。该职业发展计划的研究部分采用物理模型来研究地震诱发的边坡分布（相对于局部）变形。它采用1-g（振动台）和离心机物理建模方法，辅以数值分析。该项目还考虑了与物理模型实验的可靠性和可重复性相关的问题，并探索了在工程实践中增加物理模型使用的方法。它还涉及与日本横须贺港口和机场研究所的物理建模研究人员的合作。具体目标包括：(1)研究边坡的循环应变和地震压缩机制。(2)了解不同地震、坡度（地形）和土壤参数如何影响三种变形模式对边坡总变形的相对贡献。(3)开发系统的分析程序，用于计算分布的边坡变形的大小和位置。(4)评估模型试验结果的信度，并建立基于信度的模型实验解释框架。(5)研究增加工程从业者使用物理建模的方法。教育部分解决了将物理建模整合到德雷塞尔大学岩土工程课程中的问题。模型用于演示和实验（实验室）目的。大量的教育心理学研究表明，物理模型可以提高学生对岩土工程的理解和理解。教育部分还包括通过课堂教学鼓励学生智力发展的举措；让本科生参与研究；让学生了解实验发现的概念。这一职业发展计划反映了PI的长期目标，即使用物理模型进行研究，并最终减少全球范围内的地震危害

CMS-0134370, Joseph Wartman, Drexel University "CAREER: Physical Modeling for Geotechnical Engineering Research and Education"ABSTRACT:Earthquake-induced landslides damage many structures, roadways, and utilities. Researchers have identified three mechanisms of earthquake-induced deformation in slopes: (1) sliding displacement along a localized shear surface, (2) deformation resulting from densification of unsaturated materials, termed seismic compression, and (3) distributed deformations resulting from accumulation of plastic strains in highly stressed regions of a slope, termed cyclic straining. While researchers have studied a number of issues related to sliding displacement, little effort has been devoted to understanding and developing analysis procedures for computing the magnitude and location of distributed deformations in slopes.The research component of this career development plan employs physical models to study seismically induced distributed (versus localized) deformations in slopes. It uses both 1-g (shaking table) and centrifuge physical modeling methods, complemented by numerical analyses. The project also consider issues related to the reliability and repeatability of physical model experiments, and explores ways of increasing use of physical modeling in engineering practice. It also involves collaboration with physical modeling researchers at the Port and Airport Research Institute of Yokosuka, Japan.Specific objectives include: (1) Investigate the mechanisms of cyclic straining and seismic compression in slopes. (2) Understand how various earthquake, slope (topographic), and soil parameters influence the relative contributions of the three deformation modes to total slope deformation. (3) Develop systematic analysis procedures for computing the magnitude and locations of distributed slope deformations. (4) Assess the reliability of model test results, and to develop a reliability-based framework for interpreting model experiments. (5) Investigate ways of increasing engineering practitioners' use of physical modeling.The educational component addresses the integration of physical modeling into the geotechnical engineering curriculum at Drexel University. Models are used for demonstration and experimental (laboratory) purposes. A wealth of educational psychology research suggests that physical models will improve students' understanding and comprehension of geotechnical engineering. The educational component also includes initiatives to encourage student intellectual growth through classroom instruction; involve undergraduate students in research; and expose school students to the concepts of experimental discovery.This career development plan reflects the PI's long-term goals of using physical models to study, and ultimately, to reduce worldwide exposure to seismic hazards.-