Interregional Interaction and Sociopolitical Change on the Peruvian Far North Coast

在国家科学基金会的支持下，豪尔赫·黑山先生将进行为期一年的论文研究，以确定地方政治的社会政治组织以及秘鲁远北海岸上皮乌拉山谷区域间互动的性质和动态。 以往的考古学文化接触研究，往往强调占主导地位的外部“核心”政治的战略和看法，而忽略了那些主题或“边缘”。 有证据表明，强大的莫奇卡（公元300-750年）和中西西里（公元900-1100年）的“核心”政治，从沿海山谷到南部，在研究地区。 然而，这一证据的重要性以及当地和这些外国政治之间的相互作用的性质却知之甚少。 例如，这种互动是强制性的还是和平的和/或谈判的？ 是出于政治还是经济动机？ 它在时间和空间上是连续的还是不连续的？ 它只涉及特定的社会阶层还是更广泛的阶层？ 是什么导致了他们的互动？ 这些研究问题将通过描述反映在其社会政治和经济结构中的地方政治来回答，并测试不同的情景及其预期的物质证据。 第一种可能性是互动是强制性的;第二种可能性认为互动是一个更和平和/或谈判的过程;最后一种可能性是没有多少互动或任何互动的实际共存。 提出的数据收集方法包括：聚落/土地利用模式调查、试掘、陶器和建筑风格分析。 系统的地面调查将定位和确定场地分布及其周围环境的性质和模式。 为此目的将使用航空照片和地形、土壤、水文和植被图。 共CA。100平方公里是估计的调查区域。 将对由此发现的地点进行描述、记录和绘制地图，并使用全球定位系统接收器测量和确定其尺寸和位置。 一个有目的的收集文物发现的表面将提供一个很好的想法的变化范围内的网站的表面人工制品组合。 最后，将在一些地点挖掘小的测试坑（2x2或4x 4米），以收集放射性碳样品、地层和场地形成数据。 收集的数据将用于建立地理信息系统数据库和进行空间分析。 实验室分析将集中在对回收的陶器的详细观察上。 一个技术，风格和形态功能的分类和分析将进行更好地定义当地政治的传统和他们的关系，外国政治。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 它提供了一个很好的机会来研究文化接触，并测试和/或完善区域间互动的竞争模式。 它将为计划中的长期项目奠定良好和必要的基础，该项目将调查：1）远北海岸和北海岸之间的相互作用，以及2）这些地区和北安第斯山脉之间的相互作用。 最后，这项调查将产生新的信息，对一个地区是相对未知的考古。

With National Science Foundation support, Mr. Jorge Montenegro will conduct one year dissertation research to define the sociopolitical organization of local polities and the nature and dynamics of interregional interaction in the Upper Piura Valley on the Peruvian Far North Coast. Previous archaeological studies of culture contact have often emphasized the strategies and perceptions of dominant external "core" polities while ignoring those of the subjects or "peripheries". There is evidence of powerful Mochica (AD 300-750) and the Middle Sican (AD 900-1100) "core" polities, from coastal valleys to the south, in the study area. Yet the significance of this evidence and the nature of interaction between the local and these foreign polities are poorly understood. For example, was this interaction coercive or peaceful and/or negotiated? Was it politically or economically motivated? Was it continuous or discontinuous in time and space? Did it involve only a specific social segment or a broader segment? What led to their interaction? These research questions will be answered through a characterization of the local polities as reflected in their sociopolitical and economic structure, and testing of different scenarios and their expected material evidence. The first possibility is that interaction was coercive; a second scenario considers interaction as a more peaceful and/or negotiated process; and the last scenario is a potential situation of physical coexistence without much or any interaction. Settlement/land use pattern survey, test excavations, and pottery and architecture stylistic analysis are the methods proposed for data collection. Systematic surface survey will localize and determine the nature and patterns of site distribution and its surrounding environment. Aerial photographs and topographic, soil, hydrological, and vegetation maps will be used for this purpose. A total of ca. 100 sq-km is the estimated survey area. Sites thus discovered will be described, recorded, and mapped, and dimensions and locations will be measured and determined using a GPS receiver. A purposive collection of artifacts found on surface will give a good idea of the range of variation within a site's surface artifact assemblage. Finally, small test (2 x 2 or 4 x 4 m) pits will be excavated at some of the sites to collect radiocarbon samples, stratigraphic and site formation data. The data collected will be used to create a GIS database and perform spatial analysis. Laboratory analysis will be focused on a detailed observation of pottery recovered. A technological, stylistic, and morpho-functional classification and analysis will be carried out to better define the local polities' traditions and their relationship to those of foreign polities. This research is important for several reasons. It offers an excellent opportunity to study culture contact and to test and/or refine competing models of interregional interaction. It will establish a sound and necessary foundation for the planned long-term project investigating interactions between: 1) the Far North Coast and North Coast, and 2) these regions and the North Andes. Finally, this investigation will yield new information on an area that is relatively unknown archaeologically.