DG: Policy Made Public: Technologies of Deliberation and Representation in Rebuilding Lower Manhattan

新的数字技术在决定9·11事件后下曼哈顿的未来的过程中发挥了关键作用，不仅为征求公众意见提供了基础设施，而且还为公民、设计师、倡导团体和决策者之间开辟了新的沟通渠道。这项研究建立在民族志工作的组织响应9月11日和公众对话的早期阶段，对世界贸易中心网站的重建。当前研究的一个组成部分是对参与三个公共论坛的比较纵向研究，这些论坛是为了讨论下曼哈顿的未来而举行的，这些论坛依赖于面对面，完全在线和混合的审议技术。该项目的第二部分侧重于在线对话本身。对伴随面对面论坛的26个在线讨论组的样本进行的话语分析将确定促进或阻碍小组讨论的条件，以接近平等，反身性，互惠性，和开放性，学者们认为这是真正民主审议的标志。研究的第三和第四部分转向多声音的公共对话转化为“公众关注”，然后纳入设计方案。通过汇编所有致力于下曼哈顿重建问题的网站的档案，并跟踪网站的形式和结构随时间的变化，该项目将研究新旧倡导团体如何适应新的审议技术可能挑战传统公民参与机制的政治环境。在研究的第四个组成部分，重点是一方面是公民与建筑师和政府官员之间的沟通。对网站数据库的分析将显示建筑师和城市规划师是否以及如何利用新的数字技术，让居民更直接地参与设计。对负责监督发展进程的机构代表的采访将考察他们在决策过程中是否以及如何依赖互联网介导的公众代表，以及效果如何。

New digital technologies have figured critically in the process of deciding the future of Lower Manhattan after September 11th, not only supplying the infrastructure for soliciting public input but also opening new channels of communication between citizens, designers, advocacy groups, and decision-makers. This research builds on ethnographic work on organizational responses to September 11 and on the early stages of public dialogue about the redevelopment of the World Trade Center site. One component of the current research is a comparative longitudinal study of participation in three public forums held to discuss the future of Lower Manhattan, forums that relied on face-to-face, exclusively online, and mixed technologies of deliberation. The project's second component focuses on the online dialogues themselves. A discursive analysis of a sample of the twenty-six online discussion groups that accompanied the face-to-face forum will identify the conditions that facilitate or obstruct group discussions to approximate the equality, reflexivity, reciprocity, and openness that scholars have seen as hallmarks of authentically democratic deliberation.The third and fourth components of the research turn to the process by which multi-vocal public dialogues are translated into "public concerns" and then into design plans. By compiling an archive of all the websites devoted to Lower Manhattan redevelopment issues and tracking changes in the form and structure of the websites over time, the project will examine how old and new advocacy groups are adapting to a political landscape in which new deliberative technologies may be challenging traditional mechanisms of citizen participation. In the fourth component of the research, the focus is on communication between citizens, on one hand, and architects and public officials on the other. Analysis of the website database will chart whether and how architects and urban planners are capitalizing on new digital technologies to involve residents more directly in design. Interviews with representatives of the agencies charged with overseeing the development process will examine whether and how they are relying on internet-mediated representations of the public in their decision-making-and with what effect.