The Origins of Domesticity in the Late Upper Paleolithic: The Use of GIS Spatial Analysis at the French Magdalenian Site of Verberie

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Ezra Zubrow和Scott Branting将分析巴黎盆地Verberie的Magdalenian遗址的八个职业水平的空间组织。他们将与Francoise Andouze （CNRS）和Jim Enloe （U Iowa）领导的国际研究小组合作。由于许多原因，Verberie是例外的。最重要的是，这些数据的质量非常高，而且规模非常小，因为1975年至2002年间，一个名叫安多兹的研究人员连续不断地挖掘了这个遗址。由此产生的数据集定位了从8个职业级别到最近的0.25厘米的15万多件文物。Verberie可能会揭示巴黎盆地旧石器时代晚期人们是如何组织他们的社区的。定期的洪水保留了Verberie居民在日常活动中留下的图案。Verberie提供了一个机会来识别核心家庭单位，并观察场地不同职业之间社区结构的变化。这个项目将是迄今为止所做的最广泛的分析，是对旧石器时代遗址进行的最高分辨率的挖掘之一。新的方法和工具将被用于维贝里的空间分析。地理信息系统（GIS）是最强大的工具之一，它采用各种非常合适的方法进行空间分析。该团队将构建一个包含所有文物的位置和描述性信息的GIS数据库，并对数据集应用复杂的站点内部空间分析方法（位置聚类分析-核密度估计；Whallon和jindjian类成分分析-无约束）。这些方法应该显示出八个职业楼层的活动区域。对第II.1级（最近的职业楼层）进行空间分析的初步结果显示，有三个结构和几个壁炉，以及活动区域内许多人工制品和工具类型之间的重要聚类和相关性。利用狩猎采集者遗址结构的各种人种学和考古学模型，将得出关于遗址行为组织和居住者社会关系的结论。特别是，该项目旨在测试核心家庭地区模式及其与社区家庭生活起源和发展的相关性。这项研究既有学术价值，也有广泛的潜在影响。学术上的优点是，这是第一个将新的和复杂的空间分析方法应用于家庭生活起源和社区起源的研究。它公开了一套新的数据（Verberie），以及一个精通技术的国际学者团队的解释和分析。这项研究的潜在影响在于，它探索了社区和家庭生活的起源和发展，这是社会的基石。因此，它增强了我们对自己的科学认识。研究结果将在大西洋两岸广泛传播，通过一个具体的网站、会议和与CNRS合作的出版时间表，促进科学和技术的理解。最后，该项目将有助于激励本科生参与者，并建立参与研究的研究生的学术生涯和成果的传播。

With National Science Foundation support, Ezra Zubrow and Scott Branting will analyze spatial organization in the eight occupation levels of the Magdalenian site of Verberie in the Paris Basin. They will collaborate with an international team of researchers headed by Francoise Andouze (CNRS) and Jim Enloe (U Iowa). Verberie is exceptional for many reasons. Foremost, the data are of excellent quality on a very fine scale because a single researcher - Andouze - excavated the site continuously between 1975 and 2002. The resulting dataset locates more than 150,000 artifacts from eight occupation levels to the nearest 0.25 centimeters. Verberie potentially will reveal how people organized their communities in the Upper Palaeolithic of the Paris Basin. Regular flooding of the site preserved the patterns left by Verberie's residents during their daily activities. Verberie provides an opportunity to identify nuclear family units and observe changes in community structure between the different occupations of the site. This project will be the most extensive analysis done to date, on one of the highest-resolution excavations ever done of a Palaeolithic site.New methods and tools will be used in the spatial analysis of Verberie. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one of the most powerful tools, employing a variety of very appropriate methods for spatial analysis. The team will construct a GIS database containing locational and descriptive information on all of the artifacts, and apply sophisticated intra-site spatial analysis methods to the dataset (locational cluster analysis - kernel density estimation; and Whallon's and Djindjian Class Composition analyses - unconstrained). These methods should reveal activity areas on each of the eight occupation floors. Initial results from spatial analysis of level II.1 (the most recent occupation floor) show three structures and several hearths, as well as significant clustering of and correlations between the many artifact and tool types in the activity areas. Using various ethnographic and archaeological models of hunter-gatherer site structure, conclusions will be drawn about the behavioral organization of the site and the social relations of the occupants. In particular, the project aims to test a nuclear family area model and its relevance to the origins and development of communal domesticity.This study has both intellectual merit and a broad potential impact. The intellectual merit is that this is the first study to apply new and sophisticated spatial analysis methods to the origins of domestic life and the origins of community. It makes public a new set of data (Verberie), as well as the interpretations and analyses of a technically proficient international team of scholars. The potential impact of the research is that it explores the origin and development of community and domesticity, the building blocks of society. It thus enhances our scientific understanding of ourselves. The results will be disseminated broadly on both sides of the Atlantic to promote scientific and technological understanding via a specific website, conference and publication schedule in conjunction with CNRS. Finally, the project will help to inspire undergraduate student participants, and establish the scholarly careers of the graduate students participating in the research and the dissemination of the results.