The role of mathematical and scientific student clubs and corporations for knowledge production and scientific culture in Germany, 1850-1970

虽然学生和学生机构内的社会化长期以来一直是社会、政治、性别和文化史话语的一部分，但科学史忽视了科学社会化和认知过程的学习问题，而这些问题在很大程度上决定了科学的实践和研究文化。这个关于数学和科学学生俱乐部和公司的项目旨在解释这些学生团体所扮演的角色，这些学生团体出现在19世纪中期的德国，直到20世纪60年代末才在其科学角色中消失。在丰富的原始资料的基础上，第一次系统地分析了科学社会化的机制，以展示不一定要满足政治分期的中断和连续性。除了从1868年开始组织起来的主要学生俱乐部和社团，如Arnstädter Verband mathematicher und naturwissenschaftlicher Vereine， Goslarer Verband Goslarer Verband naturwissenschaftlicher und medizinischer Vereine或Akademischen Ingenieur-Verband，以及自1910年以来在第一次世界大战前和魏玛共和国聚集的德国科学学生团体和学生团体，我们可以比较一下。相关科学家的科学传记将与此分析联系起来。事实证明，尽管俱乐部和社团在1935年之后被禁止，但仍然有老成员组成的非正式团体继续进行活动，或者利用国家安全局的兄弟会来保持这一传统。这最终解释了在20世纪50年代早期，“新”（旧）科学俱乐部和社团如何在许多大学中重新出现，然而，这些大学甚至在科学和教育领域也不得不面对新的“动态时代”（Schildt）。

While students and socialization within student institutions is part of the discourse of social, political, gender and cultural history since long, history of science has neglected the question of scientific socialization and learning of epistemic procedures that determined the practice and research cultures of science largely. This project concerning mathematical and scientific student clubs and corporations aims at explaining the role these student groups played, which emerged in the middle of the 19th century in Germany and did not disappear in its scientific role until the late 1960s. On the basis of rich source material a first systematic study analyzes mechanisms of scientific socialization in order to exhibit breaks and continuities that not necessarily have to meet political periodizations. Apart from key student clubs and corporations as organized in association from 1868 on like the Arnstädter Verband mathematischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Vereine, the Goslarer Verband Goslarer Verband naturwissenschaftlicher und medizinischer Vereine or the Akademischen Ingenieur-Verband and since 1910 the Deutschen Wissenschafter Verband scientific student groups and student bodies, that gathered in the years before World War I and in the Weimar Republic shall be considered comparatively. The scientific biographies of involved scientists will be connected to this analysis. As it turns out, although the clubs and corporations were banned after 1935, still either informal groups of old members kept the activity alive or the NS-fraternities were used to keep up the tradition. This, finally, explains how in the early 1950s "new" (old) scientific clubs and corporations reappeared at many universities, which, however, had to face new "dynamic times" (Schildt) even within science and education.