The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS)

该合同将把百慕大大西洋时间序列研究（BATS）计划从2003年8月1日延长到2008年7月31日。 长期的时间序列，如BATS和夏威夷海洋时间序列（HOT）是研究海洋地球化学及其对全球碳循环的影响的有力工具。 海洋上层的碳和其他养分循环的季节性、年际和较长尺度的动态控制着生态系统的生产力、大气与海洋之间的二氧化碳净交换以及海洋中许多元素的分布。 了解整个碳循环需要我们了解它的每个组成过程。 最佳可行技术研究工作的重点是提高对海洋碳循环随时间变化的组成部分和相关的感兴趣的生源要素（例如，BATS和HOT站对贫营养海洋环流的开放访问使100多名科学家能够在更广泛的生物地球化学计划和两个时间序列数据集丰富的历史背景下进行小型、单一/少数调查，开展自己设计的独立项目。 开放数据政策允许更多的人探索BATS和HOT数据集，用于研究和教育（从K12到毕业）。 BATS站点已成为美国和国际范围内许多其他海洋学研究的焦点，也是许多教育计划的焦点。 在时间序列台站上提出的许多科学问题，在考虑到年际到十年的时间尺度时，就变得更加相关。 这些是许多自然气候变化模式的固有时间尺度和人为变化的时间尺度。 为了解决这些时间尺度，我们需要在这样的时期内始终如一地研究系统，就像过去四十年来来自S水电站和基林莫纳罗亚大气CO2采样的数据给我们的启示一样。 BATS和HOT时间序列刚刚为未来海洋计划的核心海洋学和海洋地球化学问题打开了十年窗口。 BATS和HOT都是并将成为对海洋学及其他领域具有广泛价值的重要社区资产。在最佳可行技术研究的许多更广泛的影响中，将收集大量的水文学和海洋地球化学数据，为审查海洋学范例和假设提供广泛的背景。 除了作为核心计划的一部分进行的研究外，广泛的辅助项目已经并正在得到BATS计划的支持。 最佳可行技术方案还与在百慕大附近进行的其他三项海洋学时间序列研究（水文站S、海洋通量方案、百慕大试验台系泊）有协同作用。 每个时间序列提供了连接，但不重叠的数据，有助于总和大于个别部分。 BATS调查人员将在学生教育、培训和公共宣传的许多方面非常活跃。 将继续把最佳可行技术和科学认识纳入本科生/研究生课程，其中一些课程设有实验室部分，利用百慕大生物研究站的研究设施，并利用“风鸟二号”号考察船到水站S和最佳可行技术地点进行一日游。 通过实验室实践、航行和数据综合活动对学生、技术人员和研究人员进行培训，将是这项研究工作的一个重要组成部分。 这一努力还将直接帮助美国国家努力提高对海洋碳循环及其对气候影响的认识。

ABSTRACTOCE-0326885This award will extend the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) program for five additional years from August 1, 2003 to July 31, 2008. Long-term time series like BATS and the Hawaiian Ocean Time-Series (HOT) are powerful tools for investigating ocean biogeochemistry and its effects on the global carbon cycle. The seasonal, interannual and longer-scale dynamics of carbon and other nutrient cycles in the upper ocean control ecosystem productivity, the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean, and the distribution of many elements in the sea. Understanding the overall carbon cycle requires that we understand each of its component processes. The focus of the BATS research effort is to improve understanding of the time-varying components of the ocean carbon cycle and related biogenic elements of interest (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), and identifying the relevant physical, chemical and ecosystem properties responsible for this variability.Open access at the BATS and HOT stations to oligotrophic ocean gyres has allowed more than 100 scientists to conduct small, single/few investigators, independent projects of their own design in the context of a wider biogeochemical program and the rich historical context of the two time-series datasets. Open data policies have allowed many more to explore BATS and HOT datasets for both research and education (from K12 to graduate). The BATS site has become a focus for many other oceanographic studies both US and international in scope, and a foci of numerous educational programs. Many of the scientific questions asked at the time-series stations have become even more relevant when considered on interannual to decadal time-scales. These are the inherent time-scales of many of the natural modes of climate variability and the time-scale of anthropogenic change. To address these time-scales requires that we study the system consistently over such periods, much as the data from Hydrostation S and the Keeling Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 sampling have given us insights over the past four decades. The BATS and HOT time-series have just opened the decadal window for the kinds of oceanographic and biogeochemical questions at the heart of future ocean programs. Both BATS and HOT are and will be a significant community asset that have broad value to oceanography and beyond. Among the many broader impacts of BATS research will be the wealth of hydrographic and biogeochemical data collected to provide a broad context for examining oceanographic paradigms and hypotheses. In addition to the research conducted as part of the core program, a wide range of ancillary projects have been and are supported by the presence of the BATS program. The BATS program also has a synergistic existence with the three other oceanographic time-series studies conducted near Bermuda (Hydrostation S, Ocean Flux Program, Bermuda Testbed Mooring). Each time-series provides connected, but not overlapping data that contributes to a sum greater than the individual parts. BATS investigators will be very active in many aspects of student education, training and public outreach. BATS data and scientific understanding will continue to be incorporated into undergraduate/graduate courses, several of which have laboratory components that make use of the research facilities at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research as well as day cruises on the R.V. Weatherbird II to the Hydrostation S and BATS site. Training of students, technicians and researchers through hands-on laboratory, cruise and data synthesis activities, will be an important component of this research effort. This effort will also directly aid the U.S. national effort to improve the understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle and its impact on climate.