Quantum Transport of Correlated Systems in Novel Devices

研究强关联电子(SCE)系统中的基本问题是当今凝聚态研究的一个主要领域。该计划包括两个主要目标：(1)观察和阐明姊妹大学的新现象；(2)利用新的制造技术开发纳米器件，以探索基础物理并创造机会，利用纳米物理来帮助满足下一代技术需求的挑战。基础研究和新设备的实施相结合，旨在通过科学进步和对未来研究人员的教育/培训，最大限度地发挥该计划的影响。将研究两种类型的相关系统--半导体中的非费米液体和显示相关效应的金属纳米线。非费米液体行为构成了SCR系统的中心主题。在高温超导体和一维导体的正常状态下观察到的异常金属行为正在推动着常规金属的标准费米液体图景，走向可能的低维关联系统中非费米液体的新范例。通过输运测量研究了两个这样的系统，一个是分数量子霍尔流体一维边缘的手性Luttinger液体，一个是双量子点中的双杂质Kondo系统。分数量子霍尔流体的边缘支持奇异的分数带电准粒子，服从分数统计，这将在后面进行研究。双量子点的工作具有双重目的。除了探索非费米液体行为外，该系统作为一个原型2量子比特系统的实现将被用来创建基于半导体的量子计算机的基础。从长远来看，这可能会对实现量子计算这一具有挑战性的任务产生深远的影响。在金属线中，研究将集中在用一种新的解理边缘技术制造的纳米线中的超导、磁性等现象，以及相互平行的相邻线之间的相互作用。随着ULSI中器件密度的进一步增加，了解邻近纳米线的特性可能会影响下一代互连。该项目将对学生进行纳米科学和技术方面的培训，重点是纳米制造技术和超低噪声电子测量。这些技能对于帮助学生帮助推动所有重要的纳米科学技术革命是特别有价值的，这构成了21世纪技术和经济引擎的基础。强关联电子(SCE)系统的研究构成了当今凝聚态研究的一个主要领域。该计划包含两个主要任务：(1)观察和阐明强关联系统中的新现象，以及(2)使用新的制造技术开发纳米级设备，用于探索基础物理和创造机会，利用纳米物理来帮助满足下一代技术需求的挑战。基础研究和新设备的实施相结合，旨在通过科学进步和对未来研究人员的教育/培训，最大限度地发挥该计划的影响。电子之间的强关联导致了不寻常的和新的金属行为。例子包括高温超导体和其他低维导体，如0维和1维导体。非费米液体行为构成了姐妹染色单体交换系统的中心主题。对于这些系统，可能需要一种超越传统金属标准图景的新范式。我们将通过电学测量来研究两个这样的系统，一个是分数量子霍尔流体一维边缘的手性Luttinger液体，另一个是双量子点中的双杂质Kondo系统。分数量子霍尔流体的边缘支持奇异粒子，这些粒子携带的电荷是基本电子电荷的分数单位。双量子点的工作具有双重目的。除了探索非费米液体行为外，该系统作为2量子量子比特系统的实现将被用来创建基于半导体的量子计算机的基础。如果成功，从长远来看，这可能会对量子计算的实现产生深远的影响。在金属导线中，研究将集中在纳米线中的超导、磁性等现象以及近距离导线之间的相互作用。随着ULSI中器件密度的进一步增加，了解邻近纳米线的特性可能会影响下一代互连。该项目将对学生进行纳米科学和技术方面的培训，重点是纳米制造技术和超低噪声电子测量。这些技能对于帮助学生帮助推动构成21世纪技术和经济引擎基础的所有重要的纳米科学技术革命特别有价值。

Investigations of fundamental issues in strongly-correlated electron (SCE) systems form a major area of condensed matter research today. This program contains two main thrusts: (1) the observation and elucidation of new phenomena in SCE, and (2) the development of nanoscale devices using novel fabrication techniques both for the exploration of fundamental physics and for creating opportunities to capitalize on nano-physics to help meet the challenges of next-generation technological needs. The combination of fundamental research and the implementation of novel devices are designed to maximize the impact of this program, through scientific advances and the education/training of future researchers. Two genres of correlated systems--non-Fermi liquids in semiconductors, and metallic nanowires exhibiting correlated effects--will be studied. Non-Fermi liquid behavior constitutes a central theme of SCR systems. Unusual metallic behaviors observed in the normal state of high-Tc superconductors and in one-dimensional conductors are pushing beyond the standard Fermi liquid picture for conventional metals, toward a possible new paradigm of non-Fermi liquids in low-dimensional correlated systems. Two such systems are studied by transport measurements, the chiral Luttinger liquid at the 1-dimensional edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid, and the two impurity Kondo system in double-quantum-dots. The edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid supports exotic fractionally-charged quasi-particles obeying fractional statistics which will be investigated. Work in double-quantum-dots serves a dual purpose. In addition to exploring non-Fermi liquid behavior, the implementation of this system as a prototypical 2-qubit system will be pursued to create a building block of a semiconductor-based quantum computer. From a long term perspective, this may have a profound impact on bringing the challenging task of implementing quantum computation closer to reality. In metallic wires, investigation will concentrate on the phenomena of superconductivity, magnetism, etc., in nanowires fabricated by a novel cleaved-edge technique, as well as interaction between adjacent wires running parallel to each other. Understanding the properties of nanowires in proximity may impact next generation interconnects as device density in ULSI increases further. This program will train students in nanoscience and technology with an emphasis in nano-fabrication techniques and ultra low-noise electrical measurements. Such skills are particularly valuable for preparing the students to help drive forward the all important nano-science technology revolution which forms the basis of the technology and economic engine of the 21st century.%%%Investigations of strongly-correlated electron (SCE) systems form a major area of condensed matter research today. This program contains two main thrusts: (1) the observation and elucidation of new phenomena in strongly- correlated systems, and (2) the development of nanoscale devices using novel fabrication techniques both for the exploration of fundamental physics and for creating opportunities to capitalize on nano-physics to help meet the challenges of next-generation technological needs. The combination of fundamental research and the implementation of novel devices is designed to maximize the impact of this program, through scientific advances and the education/training of future researchers. Strong correlations between electrons lead to unusual and novel metallic behaviors. Examples include high temperature superconductors and other low-dimensional conductors such as 0- and 1-dimensional conductors. Non-Fermi liquid behavior constitutes a central theme of SCE systems. For these systems, a new paradigm beyond the standard picture for conventional metals may become necessary. Two such systems will be studied by electrical measurements, the chiral Luttinger liquid at the 1-dimensional edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid, and the two impurity Kondo system in double-quantum-dots. The edge of the fractional quantum Hall fluid supports exotic particles which carry charges in fractional units of the fundamental electron charge. Work in double-quantum-dots serves a dual purpose. In addition to exploring non-Fermi liquid behavior, the implementation of this system as a 2-quantum qubit system will be pursued to create a building block of a semiconductor- based quantum computer. If successful this may have a profound impact in the long term on bringing quantum computation to reality. In metallic wires, investigation will concentrate on the phenomena of superconductivity, magnetism, etc., in nanowires as well as interaction between wires in close proximity. Understanding the properties of nanowires in proximity may impact next generation interconnects as device density in ULSI increases further. This program will train students in nanoscience and technology with an emphasis in nano-fabrication techniques and ultra low-noise electrical measurements. Such skills are particularly valuable for preparing the students to help drive forward the all important nano-science technology revolution which forms the basis of the technology and economic engine of the 21st century.