NIRT: Fundamental Understanding of Nanofluidics for Advanced Bioseparation and Analysis

abstractcts - 0404124。韩，新墨西哥大学智力优势：该研究小组将研究复杂流体在纳米尺度通道中的传输。我们的科学目标是准确描述纳米通道中的生物分子结构变化、反应和运输，作为内置和外部应用电位的功能。对这种流体和分子运输的理解，不能通过连续介质力学精确地建模，对于开发新一代设备来解决蛋白质组学、环境科学和高级诊断中对有效分离蛋白质的迫切需求是必不可少的。本研究的技术和科学成果将使生物分子物种和生物分子复合物的结构-功能关系的高通量分离、纯化、鉴定和测定成为可能。拟议的活动包括两大类。复杂水溶液的纳米流体学。该团队将研究以下物理过程，以从根本上了解含有溶解蛋白质的水溶液通过纳米通道的行为：重叠（或几乎重叠）双层纳米通道中的电渗透；场效应-类晶体管栅极电场对电泳过程中溶液pH的影响以及流体不均匀性对电动现象的影响。该团队将采用理论（准连续介质模型、分子动力学模拟和玻尔兹曼动力学模型）和实验（荧光光谱、电化学阻抗光谱、基片电位调制、时间分辨傅立叶变换红外光谱和纳米机械波导辅助傅立叶变换红外光谱）技术来预测描述和探测电解质缓冲溶液中蛋白质分子的运输。应用生物分离与分析。该团队将利用对纳米流体的基本理解，开发主要基于纳米电泳的先进生物分离方案。纳米流体开关依赖于纳米通道中ζ电位的调制，该调制由施加在纳米通道周围的半导体衬底上的栅极电位驱动，但由薄氧化物与流体分离。基于这种纳米流体开关概念的场效应晶体管（FET）模拟可能会导致由所有固态电动泵，阀和滤波器组成的集成纳米流体电路。它还将允许纳米通道pH调制，然后可以应用于纳米电色谱，允许通过改变半导体衬底上的电压来结合和释放目标蛋白质。更广泛的影响：除了桑迪亚国家实验室和计算流体动力学研究公司外，该团队还与英特尔公司在微流体蛋白质分离领域进行了持续的合作，这将协同增强拟议研究的科学和技术影响。新墨西哥大学（UNM）将受益于华盛顿州立大学（WSU）建立的系统生物学项目，而华盛顿州立大学将受益于新墨西哥大学的纳米制造能力。拟开展的研究项目为1名博士后、5名研究生和3名暑期本科生提供跨学科的教育环境。从研究中收集的信息也为课程开发提供了知识基础。该团队将在研究的第二年在新墨西哥大学开设一门非连续流体力学课程。首席研究员（PI）和副PI还将积极参与纳米制造、生物分离、光谱成像和光学等课程的开发。课程内容将大量借鉴拟议的研究，并反映其最新进展。新的选修课将广泛影响各个学科的学生，包括化学工程、生物学和数学。这样的课程开发服务于新墨西哥大学工程学院推出纳米/微材料、器件和系统（NMMDS）学位课程的目标。在这个科学肥沃的地区进行教育研究，将为那些希望从事有快速发展前景和潜在重大社会影响的职业的学生提供服务。除了研究生，pi将继续积极地让代表性不足的本科生参与研究。外展计划将与新墨西哥大学的多元化计划和工程学生计划协调，积极教育未来的高中生以研究为导向的教育机会。在华盛顿州立大学，工程与建筑学院组织了3个为期6天的青年夏令营，名为“土著青年探索工程”（NY.EE），并为西班牙裔高中学生组织了一个新的HY.EE。NY'EE吸引了大约80名来自西澳、德州、MT和OR印第安保留地的9 -11年级学生。所有这些拓展项目都有很大的潜力提高高中学生接受高等教育的比例，增加少数民族学生（尤其是西班牙裔和印第安人）和女性的入学率。该教育计划直接满足了新墨西哥大学和华盛顿州立大学学生和教师的需求。该项目还将加强NSF在新墨西哥州纳米材料方面的EPSCoR计划。研究和教育主题：纳米结构、新现象和量子控制；纳米尺度的生物系统；纳米尺度下的多尺度、多现象理论、建模与仿真。该奖项由化学和运输系统以及设计、制造和工业创新部门资助。

AbstractCTS-0404124S. Han, University of New Mexico Intellectual Merit: This research team will investigate the transport of complex fluids in channels of nanoscale dimensions. Our scientific goal is to render an accurate description of biomolecular structural changes, reaction, and transport in nanochannels as a function of built-in as well as externally applied potentials. The understanding of such fluid and molecular transport, which cannot be accurately modeled by continuum mechanics, is imperative for the development of a new generation of devices to address the urgent need for efficient separation of proteins in the context of their application to proteomics, environmental science, and advanced diagnostics. The technological and scientific outcome from this research will enable high throughput separation, purification, identification, and determination of structure-function relationships of biomolecular species and biomolecular complexes. The proposed activities consist of two main categories. Nanofluidics of Complex Aqueous Solutions. The team will investigate the following physical processes to fundamentally understand the behavior of aqueous solutions containing dissolved proteins passing through nanochannels: electro-osmosis in nanochannels with overlapping (or nearly overlapping) double layers; impact of a field-effect-transistor-like gate electric field on solution pH during electrophoresis; and effect of fluid inhomogeneity on electrokinetic phenomena. The team will employ both theoretical (quasi-continuum model, molecular dynamics simulations, and Boltzmann kinetic model) and experimental (fluorescence spectroscopy; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; substrate-potential-modulated, time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and nanomachined-waveguide-assisted Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) techniques to predictably describe and probe the transport of protein molecules in electrolyte buffer solutions. Applied Bioseparation and Analysis. The team will exploit this fundamental understanding of nanofluidics to develop advanced bioseparation schemes based largely on nanoelectrophoresis. Nanofluidic Switching relies on modulation of the zeta-potential in the nanochannels driven by a gate potential applied to the semiconductor substrate surrounding the nanochannels, but separated from the fluid by a thin oxide. The field effect transistor (FET) analogue based on this nanofluidic switching concept may potentially lead to integrated nanofluidic circuits consisting of all solid-state electrokinetic pumps, valves, and filters. It will also allow nanochannel pH modulation, which can then be applied in Nanoelectrochromatography, allowing target proteins to be bound and released by changing the voltage on the semiconductor substrate. Broader Impact: In addition to Sandia National Laboratories and Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation, the team has an on-going collaboration with Intel Corporation in the area of microfluidic protein separations, which will synergistically enhance the scientific and technical impact of proposed research. The University of New Mexico (UNM) will benefit from the established systems biology program at Washington State University (WSU), while WSU will benefit from UNM's nanofabrication capability. The proposed research program offers an interdisciplinary educational environment to mentor 1 postdoctoral researcher, 5 graduate students, and 3 summer undergraduate students. The information gathered from research also provides a knowledge base for course development. The team will develop a course in Non-Continuum Fluid Mechanics at UNM during the 2nd year of this research. The principal investigator (PI) and co-PIs will also actively participate in the development of courses in nanofabrication, bioseparation, spectroscopic imaging, and optics. The course content will substantially draw from the proposed research and reflect its latest advances. The new elective courses will broadly impact the students from various disciplines that range from chemical engineering, to biology, to mathematics. Such course development serves the goal of the School of Engineering at UNM to launch a degree program in Nano/Micro Materials, Devices, and Systems (NMMDS). Educational research in this scientifically fertile area will serve the students who desire to pursue a career that promises rapid growth and potentially significant societal impact. In addition to graduate students, the PIs will continue to actively involve underrepresented undergraduate students with research. The outreach program will be coordinated with Diversity Programs and Engineering Student Programs at UNM to actively educate prospective high school students of the research-oriented educational opportunities. At WSU, the College of Engineering and Architecture organizes three 6-day summer youth camps, called Native Youth Exploring Engineering (NY.EE) and a new HY.EE equivalent for Hispanic high school students. NY'EE attracts about eighty 9th-11th-grade students from WA, ID, MT and OR Indian reservations. All these outreach programs have significant potential to improve the percentage of high school students pursuing post-secondary education and increasing the enrollment of minority students (especially Hispanics and Native Americans) and women. The educational plan directly addresses the expressed needs of both students and faculty at UNM and WSU. This project will also enhance the NSF"s EPSCoR initiative in nanomaterials in New Mexico. Research and Education Themes: Nanoscale Structures, Novel Phenomena, and Quantum Control; Biosystems at the Nanoscale; and Multi-scale, Multi-phenomena Theory, Modeling and Simulation at the Nanoscale.This award is funded by the Division of Chemical & Transport Systems and Design, Manufacture & Industrial Innovation.