Doctoral Dissertation Research: Macroregional Interactions at the Onavas Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the late Pre-Hispanic Period

在保罗·R·菲什博士的指导下。埃米利亚诺·加拉加·穆列塔将收集考古数据，记录墨西哥索诺拉南部亚基河中游地区的奥纳瓦斯山谷中的西班牙裔(公元1000-1550)前的材料遗骸。地理和自然条件使雅基河成为三个考古区之间的天然堤道：美国西南部的中美洲和奇瓦瓦的大卡萨斯。虽然研究人员对前西班牙裔时代中美洲和美国西南部之间的联系进行了大量的辩论，但对所提出的互动发生在两者之间的地区知之甚少。仅有的少量考古证据表明，人、贝壳(用于珠宝)和其他产品从索诺拉海岸穿过雅基河流域，可能远至马德雷西部山脉东侧的卡萨斯格兰斯，或北部的美国西南部。奥纳瓦斯山谷项目将提供重要的数据，使人们能够初步但关键地深入了解墨西哥西北部一个鲜为人知的地区的前西班牙裔社区如何与环境和邻居互动。该项目的主要目标是将奥纳瓦斯山谷的文化景观与霍霍卡姆(美国西南部)、Cerro de Trin chera(索诺拉西北部)和Casas Grand es文化进行比较。这种比较将为审查这些地区之间的相互作用以及与中美洲的相互作用提供基础。为了实现这一目标，我们首先打算识别和定义奥纳瓦斯山谷内的考古传统，然后研究与上述邻近地区的非当地互动。我们计划通过三种方法实现这一目标：1)通过建立当地年表和记录的物质文化的诊断性清单；2)通过建立该地区的景观结构(聚落模式、仪式和民族景观)；3)通过收集和分析贸易商品的制造、使用和交换的证据。除了考古学感兴趣的研究问题，该项目将通过提高奥纳瓦斯山谷、索诺拉和美国西南部社区对考古学的公众理解水平，产生更广泛的影响。该项目将通过加强美国和墨西哥学者之间的研究合作，以及通过让两国的学生和志愿者参与并雇用当地工人与当地社区的合作，为该地区未来的考古研究和教育奠定基础。已经在奥纳瓦斯山谷的主要社区开展了公共宣传工作(海报、学校访问、城镇会议)，并将在数据收集和分析期间和之后继续进行。此外，这项调查的结果将在两国的科学会议和期刊上以西班牙语和英语传播。墨西哥和美国的学生将通过参加一个两国项目并接受实地调查和材料分析方法的培训，获得个人和教育经验。

Under the supervision of Dr. Paul R. Fish Mr.. Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta will collect archaeological data recording pre-Hispanic (A.D. 1000-1550) material remains in the Onavas Valley in the Middle Yaqui River area in southern Sonora, Mexico. Geographical and physical conditions make the Yaqui River a natural causeway between three well-established archaeological regions: Mesoamerica, the U.S. Southwest, and Casas Grandes, Chihuahua. While researchers have debated at great length about the connections during pre-Hispanic times between Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest little is known about the regions in between where the suggested interaction took place. What little archaeological evidence there is suggests that people, shell (used for jewelry), and other products moved through the Yaqui River Valley from the Sonora coast and may have reached as far as Casas Grandes on the east side of the Sierra Madre Occidental, or the U.S. Southwest to the north. The Onavas Valley Project will provide important data allowing preliminary but critical insights into how pre-Hispanic communities interacted with their environment and their neighbors in a poorly known portion of Northwest Mexico.The main objective of this project is to compare the cultural landscape of the Onavas Valley with those of the Hohokam (in the U.S. Southwest), Cerro de Trincheras (northwest Sonora), and Casas Grandes cultures. The comparison will provide the basis for an examination of interactions among these areas and with Mesoamerica. To achieve this, we first intend to discern and define the archaeological traditions within the Onavas Valley and then examine non-local interactions with the aforementioned neighboring areas. We plan to accomplish this goal via three approaches: 1) by building a local chronology and a diagnostic inventory of recorded material culture; 2) by establishing the landscape structure (settlement pattern and ritual and ethnic landscape) of the area; and 3) by collecting and analyzing evidence for the manufacture, use, and exchange of trade goods.Beyond research questions of interest to archaeology, this project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of archaeology in the communities of the Onavas Valley and in Sonora, and in the Southwest of United States. The project will establish a basis for future archaeological research and education in the area by enhancing research collaboration between U.S. and Mexican scholars, and collaboration with the local communities by involving students and volunteers from both countries, and employing local workers. Public outreach efforts (posters, school visits, town meetings) have been undertaken already in the principal communities of the Onavas Valley and will continue during and after data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the results of this investigation will be disseminated at scientific meetings and in journals in both countries, in both Spanish and English. Mexican and American students will gain personal and educational experience by participating in a bi-national project and training in the methods of field survey and material analyses.